Efek Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Melinjo terhadap Ekspresi Gen Alanine Aminotransferase 1 Hepar pada Kondisi Hiperurisemia
Abstract
Hiperurisemia dapat menginduksi disfungsionalitas pertukaran natrium dan kalsium dalam mitokondria yang akan menyebabkan produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS). Stres oksidatif berperan dalam penuaan, kerusakan DNA, oksidasi, produksi sitokin inflamasi, dan apoptosis sel. Metabolisme asam urat dikatalisis oleh xhantine oxidase (XO) menghasilkan hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) yang dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya jaringan parut pada hepar. Alanine amniotransferase (ALT) dikodekan oleh gen ALT1/GPT yang diekspresikan oleh sel endotel, Kuffer dan hepatosit. Overekspresi gen ALT1 berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kadar enzim ALT sebagai marker yang sensitif dan spesifik adanya injuri atau kerusakan hepar. Tujuan menilai efek hepatoprotektor ekstrak etanol kulit melinjo terhadap ekspresi gen alanine aminotransferase 1 hepar pada kondisi hiperurisemia. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan dengan metode telaah literature. Data dan informasi dikumpulkan dari beberapa penelitian yang sudah dilakukan sebelumnya. Hasil ekstrak etanol kulit melinjo mengandung flavonoid sebagai antioksidan, efek hepatoprotektor ekstrak etanol kulit melinjo terbukti dengan menurunkan stress oksidatif dan biomarker inflamasi melalui mekanisme inhibitor terhadap pembentukan XO dan adenosine deaminase (ADA) sehingga menyebabkan penurunan kadar dari asam urat dan melalui penghambatan terhadap terbentuknya XO akan menyebabkan pembentukan ROS menjadi terhambat sehingga kerusakan hepar dapat diminimalisir dan tidak terjadi overekspresi gen ALT1 pada hepar. Kesimpulan kandungan flavonoid pada ekstrak kulit melinjo terbukti berpotensi sebagai hepatoprotektor, dengan menimimalisir kadar enzim ALT akibat tidak terjadinya peningkatan ekspresi gen ALT1, flavonoid dapat memodulasi ROS dan reaksi inflamasi sehingga hepar lebih terproteksi dari kerusakan akibat keadaan hiperurisemia.
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