Melanocortin-4 Receptors (MC4R)
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 Receptors (MC4R) merupakan turunan senyawa G protein coupled-receptors (GPCRs). MC4R berperan dalam homeostasis energi, fungsi kardiovaskular, dan sistem reproduksi. Gen MC4R ini menyandi sekitar 332 asam amino dan terkespresi pada hipotalamus. MC4R salah satu protein transmembran dengan memiliki tujuh subtipe protein. Melanocortin-pathway berhubungan dengan pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) dalam aktivasi leptin sehingga meningkatkan dan menurunkan nafsu makan. Mutasi yang ditemukan pada MC4R berbanding lurus dengan kejadian obesitas. Mutasi yang terjadi bisa karena munculnya defek pada struktur MC4R, ekspresi pada permukaan membran sel, ikatan dengan ligan dan jalur sinyal. POMC akan mengaktivasi atau inaktivasi MC4R sesuai dengan kebutuhan energi tubuh. MC4R akan berikatan dengan agonis α-MSH atau β-MSH dan antagonis AgRP. Kesimpulannya, pengaturan MC4R dalam tubuh meliputi fungsi kardiovaskular, aktivitas insulin dan sistem reproduksi. Sehingga saat ini menjadi target sebagai terapi antiobesitas.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/averrous.v9i1.10935
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