Academic Hardiness sebagai Mediator untuk Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial terhadap Academic Distress pada Mahasiswa Magister Psikologi Profesi
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap academic distress pada 144 orang mahasiswa Magister Psikologi Profesi dengan academic hardiness sebagai mediator. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan mediasi sederhana dengan satu variabel mediator. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga instrumen yang telah dimodifikasi dan diadaptasi dari: (a) instrumen Kessler-10, Skala distress akademik (Chua, Ng, Park, 2018), dan GHQ (12) dari Goldberg dan Williams (1988) untuk mengukur academic distress. (b) instrumen RAHS dari Benishek, Feldman, Shipon, Mecham, dan Lopez (2005) untuk mengukur academic hardiness, dan (c) instrumen MSPSS dari Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, dan Farley (1988) untuk mengukur dukungan sosial. Analisis data menggunakan bootstrapping dengan bantuan program SPSS (Process 2.16) menunjukkan bahwa (a) terdapat korelasi negatif antara dukungan sosial dan academic distress (r=0.3, p<0.05), (b) tidak terdapat korelasi antara dukungan sosial dan academic hardiness (r=0.1, p< 0.05), (c) tidak terdapat korelasi antara academic hardiness dan academic distress (r= -0.09, p>0.05), (d) tidak terjadi efek mediasi pada pengaruh dukungan sosial terhadap academic distress melalui academic hardiness.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbas, H.M.A, Gull, V. I & Ghaffar, K. (2018). The impact.of social support on psychological distress among khawaja sira community : the mediated effect of self-efficacy. Information management and business review, AMH international, 9(6), 36-40. https://ideas.repec.org/a/rnd/arimbr/v9y2018i6p36-40.html
Afina, H & Eryani, R.D. (2018). Hubungan antara dukungan sosial dan hardiness pada atlet Tunadaksa di NPCI Kota Bandung. Prosiding psikologi, 4(2), 607-613. http://karyailmiah.unisba.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/14282/pdf
Aina, Q & Wijayanti, P. H. (2019). Coping the academic stress : the way the students dealing with stress. International seminar language, education and culture, and social science. 212-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3903
Asosiasi Penyelenggara Pendidikan Tinggi Psikologi Indonesia (AP2TPI). (2017). Kurikulum program studi Psikologi Profesi (S2). https://ap2tpi.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Penjelasan-Keputusan-Bersama-AP2TPI-dan-HIMPSI-TENTANG-KURIKULUM-PROFESI.pdf
Azarian, A, Farokhzadian, A. A & Habibi, E. (2016). Relationship between psychological hardiness and emotional control index: a communicative approach. International journal of medical research & health sciences, 5(5), 216-221. https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/relationship-between-psychological-hardiness-and-emotional-control-index-a-communicative-approach.pdf
Azwar, S. (1999). Dasar-dasar psikometri. Pustaka Pelajar.
Baron, R. M & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical consideration. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/19356291_The_Moderator-Mediator_Variable_Distinction_in_Social_Psychological_Research
Baron, R. A & Byrne, D. (2005). Psikologi sosial. Erlangga.
Benishek, Feldman, Shipon, Mecham, & Lopez. (2001). Development and initial validation of a measure of academic hardiness. Journal of career assessment, 9(4), 333-352. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270100900402
Benishek. Feldman, Shipon, Mecham & Lopez. (2005). Development and evaluation of the revised academic hardiness scale. Journal of career assessment, 13(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270274
Bisonnette, M. (1998). Optimism, Hardiness, and resiliency : a review of literature. Prepared for the Child and Family Partnership Project. https://corstone.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Optimism-Hardiness-and-Resiliency-review.pdf
Boen, H, Delgard, O.S, Bjertness, E. (2012). The importance of social support in the associations between psychological distress and somatic health problems and socio-economic factors among older adults living at home: a cross sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 12(27), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-12-27
Calvete, E, Jennifer. K, Smith, C. (2006). Perceived social support, coping, and symptoms of distress in American and Spanish students. Anxiety, stress, AND coping: an international journal, 19(1), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800500472963
Chua, R.Y, Ng.Y.L, Park, M.S.A. (2018). Mitigating academic distress: the role of psychological capital in a collectivistic Malaysian university student sample, The open psychology journal. 11(1), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101811010171
Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationship and health. American psychologist, 59(8), 676-684. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676
Creed, P. A, Conlon, E.G, Dhaliwal, K. (2013). Revisting the academic hardiness scale: revision and revalidation. Journal of career assessment, 21 (4), 537-554. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072712475285
Davison, G.C, Neale. J.M, Kring, A.M. (2006). Psikologi abnormal. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Deasy, C, Coughlan B, Pironom J, Jourdan D, McNamara PM. (2014). Psychological distress and coping amongst higher education students: a mixed method inquiry. Plos one, 9(12), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115193.
Eschleman, K & Bowling, N. Alarcon GM. (2010). A meta analytic examination of hardiness. International journal of stress management, 17(4), 277-307. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0020476
Goldberg. Psychiatric Illness in general practice. A detailed study using a new method of case identification. British medical journal, 2(5707), 439-443. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5707.439
Greenberg, J. S. (2008). Comprehensive stress management. McGraw Hill.
Hasanvand, B, Arya, A.M & Dogaheh, E. R. (2014). Prediction of psychological hardiness based on mental health and emotional intelligence in students. Research paper practice in clinical psychology, 2(4), 255-261. http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-197-en.pdf.
Hasel, K. M, Abdolhoseini, A & Ganji, P. (2011). Hardiness training and perceived stress among college students. Procedia social and behavioral sciences, 30, 1354-1358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.262
Rothon, C, Head. J, Clark. C, Klineberg. E, Cattell. V, Stansfeld. S. (2009). The impact of psychological distress on educational achievement of adolescents at the end of compulsory education. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44(5), 421-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00127-008-0452-8
Hayes, A.F. (2012). Introduction to Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. Guildford.
Holahan, C, J & Moss, R. H. (1981). Social support and psychological distress : a longitudinal analysis. Journal of abnormal psychology, 90(4), 365-370. https://doi.org/10.1037/ 0021-843X.90.4.365
Jotwani, J. (2016). Hardiness and psychological distress among University students studying in Madhya Pradesh. The international journal of indian psychology, 3(2), 52-59. http://oaji.net/ articles/2016/1170-1455817939.pdf
Jalali, M & Rahimi, M. (2019). The relationship between psychological hardiness and social support in women with breast cancer, Journal avicenna j neuro, psycho physiology, 6 (4), 159-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ajnpp.6.4.1
Jamal, Y, Yasen. F, Zahra, S.T, Nasreen, M. (2017). Coping strategies and hardiness as predictors of stress among rescue workers. Pakistan Journal of psychological research, 32(1), 141-154. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/320136141_Coping_strategies_and_hardiness_as_predictors_of_stress_among_rescue_workers
Kamtisos, S & Karagiannopoulou, E. (2013). Conceptualizing a student's academic hardiness dimensions a qualitative study. European journal of psychology of education, 28, 807-823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0141-6 .
Kamtisos, S & Karagiannopoulou, E. (2015). Exploring relationships between academic hardiness and academic stressors in University undergraduates. European journal of psychology of education, 1(1), 53-73. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272447155_Exploring_relationships_between_academic_hardiness_and_academic_sterssors_in_university_undergraduates.
King, L.A. (2010). Psikologi Umum. Salemba Humanika.
Kobasa, S.C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality, and health inquiry into hardiness. Journal of personality and social psychology, 37(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.1
Kumar, S & Bukar, J.P. (2013). Stress level and coping strategies of college students. Journal of physical education and sports management, 4(1), 5-11. https://academicjournals.org/ journal/JPESM/article-full-text-pdf/4F29D521904.
Kumar, H, Shaheen A, Rasool, I, Shafi M. (2016). Psychological distress and life satisfaction among University students. Journal of psychology & clinical psychiatry, 5(3), 1-7. https://medcraveonline.com/JPCPY/JPCPY-05-00283.pdf.
Knapstad, M, Sivertsen B, Knudsen A.K, Smith O.R.F. (2019). Trends in self reported psychological distress among college and University students from 2010 to 2018. Psychological medicine, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0033291719003350.
Lin, H. J & Yusoff, M. S. B. (2013). Psychological distress, sources of stress and coping strategy in high school students. International medical journal, 20(6), 1-6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259186979_Psychological _Distress_Sources_of_Stress_and_Coping_Strategy_in_High_School_Students.
Maddi, S.R. (2002). The story of hardiness: twenty years of theorizing, research, and practice. Consulting psychology journal practice and research, 54(3), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/1061-4087.54.3.173.
Maddi, S.R. (2013). Hardiness: Turning stressful circumstances into resilient growth. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg.
Maharani, N.N & Halimah, L. (2014). Hubungan dukungan sosial dengan hardiness pada ibu yang memiliki anak penderita Leukemia Limfoblastik akut di Rumah Cinta Kanker Kota Bandung. Prosiding psikologi, 1(2), 96-100.http://karyailmiah.unisba.ac.id/index.php/ psikologi/article/view/1008/pdf.
Maser, B, Danilewitz M, Guerin E, Findlay L. (2019). Medical student psychological distress and mental illness relative to general population: a Canadian cross-sectional survey. Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical College, 94(11), 1781-1791. https://doi.org/10.1097/ acm.0000000000002958
Matthews, G. (2000). Distress. Dalam G, Fink. Encyclopedia of stress. 1, 723-729. Academic press.
Mirowsky, J & Ross, C. E. (2003). Social causes of psychological distress (second edition). Walter de Gruyter.
Mirzaei, F & Kadivarzare, H. (2014). Relationship between parenting styles and hardiness in high school students. Procedia social and behavioral sciences, 116, 3793-3797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.843.
Mihailescu, A, Diaconescu L, Donisan T, Ciobanu A.M. (2016). The influence emotional distress on the academic performance in undergraduate medical students. Romanian journal of child and adolescent psychiatry, 4,(1,2), 27-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325156984_THE_INFLUENCE_OF_EMOTIONAL_DISTRESS_ON_THE_ACADEMIC_PERFORMANCE_IN_UNDERGRADUATE_MEDICAL_STUDENTS.
Nes, L. S. (2016). Optimism, pessimism, and stress. Dalam G. Fink (2016). Handbook of stress 1 (Chapter 51). 405-411. Academic Press.
Patel, C. (1991). The complete guide to stress management. Springer science and business media.
Pisanti, R. (2012). Coping self efficacy and psychological distress: Result from an Italian study on nurses. The European health psychologist, 14(1), 11-14. https://ehps.net/ehp/ index.php/contents/article/view/ehp.v14.i1.p11/1024.
Presa, C. L, Martinez M.E.F, Gandara A.R, Villanueva, M.C.M, Casares, A.M.V, Borrego, M.A.R. (2014). Psychological distress in health sciences college students and its relationship academic engagement. Esc enferm USP, 48(4), 715-722. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420140000400020.
Ridner, S. H. (2003). Psychological distress: concept analysis. Journal of advanced Nursing, 54(5), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02938.x
Sabela, O.I, Ariati, J, Setyawan, I. (2014). Ketangguhan mahasiswa yang berwirausaha: studi kasus. Jurnal psikologi Undip, 13(2), 170-189. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.13.2.170-189
Sadaghiani, N. S. K. (2011). The role of hardiness in decreasing the stressors and biological, cognitive, and mental reactions. Procedia social and behavioral sciences, 30, 2427-2430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.474
Sarafino, E.P & Smith, T.W. (2011). Health psychology: biopsychosocial interaction (7th ed). John Willey & Sons.
Sivasubramanian. (2016). Eustress vs distress: a review. International journal of research in humanities & social sciences, 4(5), 12-15.https://raijmronlineresearch.files.wordpress.com/2017/06/4_12-15-sivasubramanian.p
Stallman, H. M. (2010). Psychological distress in University students: A comparison with general population data. Australian psychologist, 45(4), 249-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2010.482109
Sugimoto, T, Umeda M, Shinozaki T, Naruse T, Miyamoto, Y. (2015). Sources of perceived social support associated with reduced psychological distress at 1 year after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Nationwide cross-sectional survey 2012. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 69, 680-686. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12235
Susanto, K. B & Kiswantomo, H. (2020). Kontribusi social support terhadap hardiness pada pada mahasiswa fakultas psikologi. Jurnal humanitas. 4(2). 192-204. https://doi.org/ 10.28932/humanitas.v4i2.2516
Taylor, S. E, Peplau, L. A, & Sears, D. O. (2009). Psikologi sosial (edisi XII). Kencana.
Tokarskaya, L. (2018). Comparative study of hardiness referring to adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders and adolescents with normal development. In the fifth international luria memorial congress lurian approach in international psychological science. KnE life sciences, 856–867. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i8.3343
Winefield, H, Gill, Taylor. A. W, Gill, T, Pilkington, R. (2012). Psychological well-being and psychological distress: it is necessary to measure both? Psychology of wellbeing a springer open journal, 2(3), 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2211-1522-2-3
Yildiz, E. C, Cakir, S.G & Kondaksi, Y. (2011). Psychological distress among international students in Turkey. International journal of intercultural relations, 35, 534-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.04.001
Zhong, L & Ren, H. L. (2009). The relationship between academic stress and psychological distress: the moderating effects of psychological capital. International conference on management science & engineering, 14(16), 1087-1091. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/ICMSE.2009.5318122
Zimet, G. D, Dahlem. N.W, Zimet, S.G & Farley, G.K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of personality assessment, 52(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Zvolensky, M.J, Bernstein, A & Vujanovic, A.A. (2011). Distress tolerance: theory, research, and clinical applications. Guilford press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/jpt.v4i2.10206
Article Metrics
Abstract Views : 755 timesPDF Downloaded : 11 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Tri Yuningsih, Sumedi P Nugraha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.