Mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulphonate Menginduksi Keragaman Genetik Kedelai (Glycine max (L.)Merr.) Kultivar Gepak Kuning Pada Generasi M2
Abstract
Kedelai merupakan salah satu tanaman dalam famili Leguminoceae yang sangat berperan penting sebagai sumber protein nabati bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Peningkatan produksi kedelai nasional dapat dilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman, khususnya pemuliaan mutasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keragaman genetik kedelai gepak kuning sebagai respon terhadap perlakuan mutagen EMS (etil metana sulfonat) pada generasi M2. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Gle Madat, Aceh Utara serta Laboratorium Agroekoteknologi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-April 2023. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial. Faktor yang diuji adalah populasi kedelai Gepak kuning yang terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu populasi kontrol (0% EMS, E0, 0,05% populasi EMS (El), 0,075% populasi EMS (E2), dan 0,3% populasi EMS (El). E3 ). Karakteristik agronomi yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang produktif, umur saat berbunga, umur saat panen, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot 100 biji, bobot biji kering per tanaman, bobot biji kering per plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan mutagen EMS menyebabkan perubahan morfologi dan agronomi kedelai Gepak kuning pada generasi M2. Perubahan morfologi yang terjadi diantaranya perubahan warna daun dan perubahan bentuk daun. Perubahan agronomi yang terjadi diantaranya tinggi tanaman umur 2 dan 4 MST, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong/tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman, bobot 100 biji dan bobot biji kering per plot.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ali, S.MD.B., Konjengbam, N.S., Ahmad, F., Sanasam, S. and Kumawat, R. 2024. Ascertaining Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) and Simultaneous Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium Azide (SA) On Seedling Charac ters in Mungbean Genotypes ‘Pusa 1031’ and ‘Pusa 1431’. Legume Research. doi: 10.18805/LR-5255.
Arisha MH, Shah SNM, Gong Z-H, Jing H, Li C and Zhang H-X. 2015. Ethyl methane sulfonate induced mutations in M2 generation and physiological variations in M1 generation of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Front. Plant Sci. 6:399. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00399
Boysen G, Pachkowski B.F, Nakamura J, and Swenberg JA. 2009. The formation and biological significance of N7-guanine adducts. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 678(2): 76–94. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.05.006.
Defiani, MR., Pharmawati, M., Suada, I.K. 2013. Penerapan Teknologi Mutagenenesis Untuk Ketahanan Terhadap Layu Fusarium Pada Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annum L.) Laporan Akhir (tidak diterbitkan). Denpasar. Universitas Udayana.
Dicky, A.S., Nilahayati, Adi, S., Usnawiyah, Khaidir. 2024. Induksi Keragaman Genetik Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Galur M.1.1.3 Menggunakan Mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulfonate Pada Generasi M1. Jurnal Agrium 21(2): 123-127. doi.10.29103/agrium.v21i2.16715
Espina M J, Ahmed CMS, Bernardini A, Adeleke E, Yadegari Z, Arelli P, Pantalone V,Taheri A. 2018. Development and Phenotypic Screening of an Ethyl Methane Sulfonate Mutant Population in Soybean. Front. Plant Sci 9, 394. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00394
Fiarahman, B., & Rasyad, A. 2021. Keragaan Kedelai (Glycine Max.) Generasi M1 Hasil Mutasi Varietas Dega 1 Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Ethyl Methane Sulphonate. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (Jom) Bidang Pertanian, 8, 1-11.
Ganesan, A, Dhanarajan A, Sellapillai L 2022. Effect of gamma irradiation on quantitative traits and post harvesting analysis of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed in M1 generation. Plant Science Today 9: 1074-1084. doi: 10.14719/pst.1785.
Harahap, M.S.A., Nilahayati, Handayani, R. S., Nazimah & Hafifah. 2022. Potensi Peningkatan Keragaman Genetik Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) akibat Pemberian Mutagen EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) pada Fase Vegetatif. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroekoteknologi, 1(3), 73–76. doi.10.29103/jimatek.v1i3.9758
Irawan, G, Nilahayati, Nazimah, Handayani, S, Nurdin, M.Y. 2022. Pengaruh Pemberian EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Galur M.1.1.3. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroekoteknologi, 1(4):87-90. doi. 10.29103/jimatek.v1i4.10462
Kiani D , Borzouei A, Ramezanpour S , Soltanloo H dan Saadati S. 2022. Application of gamma irradiation on morphological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different seed moisture contents. Scientific Report, 12:11082. doi :10.1038/s41598-022-14949-6
Nilahayati, Rosmayati, Hanafiah, DS, Harahap F. 2016. Gamma irradiation induced chlorophyll and morphological mutation in Kipas Putih soybean. Basic and Applied Research 30(3): 74-79.
Nilahayati, 2018. Improvement of Agronomic Characteristics in Kipas Putih Soybeans Through Gamma Ray Irradiation (Dissertation). Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan.
Nilahayati, & , Rosmayati, D. S. H. and F. H. 2018. Genetic variability and heritability on Kipas Putih soybean mutant lines using gamma rays irradiation ( M3 generation ) Genetic variability and heritability on Kipas Putih soybean mutant lines using gamma rays irradiation ( M3 generation). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 0–6. doi.10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012041.
Nilahayati, Rosmayati, Hanafiah, D.S & Harahap, F. 2019. The genotype selection of M3 generation of Kipas Putih soybean with gamma-rays irradiation on agronomic characters, early maturity and high yielding mutants. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25 (1):97–102
Nilahayati, Hanafiah, D.S, Rosmaina. 2021. Germination and seedling growth of Kipas Putih soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merril) in various dosage of gamma rays irradiation. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 637 012052. Doi. 10.1088/1755-1315/637/1/012052
Nilahayati, Nazimah, Handayani, RD, Syahputra J. Rizky M. 2022. Agronomic diversity of several soybean putative mutant lines resulting from gamma-rays irradiation in M6 generation. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 34-39. doi: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140104.
Nilahayati, Rosnina, Syahpuitra J. 2022. RAPD analysis for genetic variability of soybean mutant resulting from gamma rays irradiation in M6 generation. Agricultural Science Digest. 42: 723-728. doi: 10.18805/ag.DF-441.
Nilahayati, Handayani RS, Nazimah, Harahap MA, Irawan G, Anggraini A, Siregar, NK. 2024. Induction of genetic diversity in gepak kuning soybean cultivar and M.1.1.3 line using ethyl methane sulfonate in M1 generation. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 17-18 October 2023. [Indonesian]. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1362 012024. doi. 10.1088/1755-1315/1362/1/012024.
Martha, K. M. 2017. Pengaruh Mutagen Kimia Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) Secara in Vitro. Universitas Jember. [Skripsi]
Mishra, D., Singh, B., & Sahu, R. 2013. Gamma Ray Induced Macro-Mutations in greengram [ Vigna radiata ( L .) Wilczek ]. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 3(3), 105–109. doi.10.5923/j.ijaf.20130303.06
Ostergaard, L., and Yanofsky, M. F. 2004. Establishing gene function by mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J, 39:682–696. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02149.x
Ilo G.E, Uguru M.I, Ogbonna P.E dan Nweke I.A. 2023. Mutagenic effect of ethyl methane sulfonate in M2 generation of three genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). International Journal of Scholarly Research and Reviews, 02(02): 045–053. doi.10.56781/ijsrr.2023.2.2.0029
Page, D. R., and Grossniklaus, U. 2002. The art and design of genetic screens: Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat. Rev. Genet. 3:124–136. doi: 10.1038/nrg730
Pratiwi, N. M. D., Pharmawati, M., & Astarini, I. A. 2013. Pengaruh Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) terhadap pertumbuhan dan variasi tanaman marigold (Tagetes sp.). Agrotrop, 3(1), 23-28.
Rasyad, A., & Fiarahman, B. 2022. Keragaan Kedelai (Glycine Max.) Generasi M1 Hasil Mutasi Varietas Dega 1 Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Ethyl Methane Sulphonate. Dinamika Pertanian, 38(1), 1-10.
Sari, D. N., Aisyah, S. I., & Damanik, M. R. M. 2017. Sensitivitas dan keragaan tanaman Coleus sp. terhadap mutasi induksi kimia menggunakan Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) aplikasi cara rendam dan tetes. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia), 45(1): 56-63
Spencer-Lopes MM, Forster BP, Jankuloski L. 2018. Manual on mutation breeding. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
Van Harten A M 1998 Mutation Breeding University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Widiastuti, A., Sobir, dan M. R. Suhartanto. 2013. Analisis Keragaman Genetik Manggis (Garcinia mangostana) diiradiasi dengan Sinar Gamma Berdasarkan Penanda ISSR. Bioteknologi, 10(1): 15-22
Ye, Y., Li, X., Qian, H., Yang, S., Han, X., & Zhang, J. (2020). Effects of different EMS solution concentration and time treatment on morphological traits of Cyperus esculentus L. E3S Web of Conferences, 203. 02006. doi. 10.1051/e3sconf/202020302006.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v21i3.18695
Article Metrics
Abstract Views : 162 timesPDF Downloaded : 56 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nilahayati Nilahayati, Nadya Karisda Siregar, Ayu Anggraini Harianja
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Agrium
ISSN 1829-9288 (Print)
ISSN 2655-1837 (Online)
Published by Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh
Website : http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/agrium
E-mail : agrium@unimal.ac.id
Jurnal Agrium is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
(c) Author 2018 all rights reserved