PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN POLIPROPILENA PADA KARAKTERISTIK PLASTIK DEGRADABLE BERBASIS PATI AMPAS KOPI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v12i2.13580Keywords:
Plastik Degradable, Pati Ampas Kopi, Polipropilena, Karakteristik, Maleat anhidridaAbstract
Penelitian untuk menemukan pengganti plastik komersial telah menarik perhatian karena dampak lingkungan sampah plastik yang tidak dapat terurai selama ribuan tahun. Plastik degradable dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti plastik sintetis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh polipropilena (PP) dengan penambahan maleat anhidrida terhadap karakteristik plastik degradable berbasis pati ampas kopi. Karakterisasi yang dialakukan adalah sifat mekanik, kimia, termal, ketahanan air dan laju degradasi. Pembuatan plastik degradable dilakukan beberapa tahap: ekstraksi pati dari ampas kopi, pembuatan plastik degradable dengan Polipropilena-graft-Maleat Anhidrida (PP-g-MA) dan karakteristisasi. Variasi polipropilena yang digunakan adalah 5, 10, 15 gr dengan penambahan maleat anhidrida 1 gr. Kekuatan tarik, modulus young dan elongasi tertinggi yang diperoleh adalah 9.80 MPa, 103.16 MPa dan 8.85% pada penambahan 5 gr PP. Berdasarkan hasil uji Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), terdapat gugus O-H, C-H dan C=C yang teramati pada bilangan gelombang 3560.29 cm-1, 2943.37 cm-1, 2879.72 cm-1, 2833.43 cm-1, dan 1100.20 - 1718.58 cm-1. Sebagian besar senyawa tersebut bersifat hidrofilik sehingga dapat terdegradasi oleh aktivitas mikroba di dalam tanah. Karakterisasi termal menggunakan uji Thermogravimetri (TGA) menunjukkan penurunan berat terjadi mulai dari suhu 458.97oC hingga 512.88oC. Nilai swelling terendah plastik degradable dengan penggunaan PP 15 gr yaitu 1.1460%. Persentase penyerapan air yang rendah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur. Laju biodegradasi plastik degradable berbasis pati ampas kopi 3-5% dipengaruhi komposisi PP.
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