Human Security Situation and State Police Establishment Contention in Nigeria

Obukohwo Abraham Egbadju, Francis Ayegbunam Ikenga, Atare Otite

Abstract


This study examined human security situation and state police establishment contention in Nigeria. This theoretical paper draws its arguments primarily from secondary sources of data, such as journal publications and textbooks. The study concluded that the capacity of the Police is further reduced due to the deployment of a good number of policemen to undertake “guard duties” and private security services for the rich and affluent in the society. Perhaps, the greatest impediment to police effectiveness in Nigeria remains corruption. The limited funds meant for security and other developmental purposes are diverted by those responsible for their utilization. This creates an unending vicious cycle of poverty, deprivation, greed, exploitation, unemployment and general underdevelopment that culminates in weakening the capacity of government to provide social services, fund security ultimately undermining national security. This study recommended a reform which would pave way for state police formations and give power to state governors over the police contingents in their states.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adamu, M. (2019). “Police needs more funding”: New York March 27. Sahara Reporters.

Adebakin, A. & Raimi, S. (2012). National security challenges and sustainable economic development: Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences, 1 (1), 1 – 30.

Adebayo P. F. & Ojo E. O. (2009). The challenges of effective policing as measure of controlling the phenomenon of police corruption in Nigeria today. International NGO Journal, 4(3), 70 - 75.

Adefi, M.O. (2010). The administration of criminal justice in Nigeria: A case for reform. A Ph.D thesis in the Faculty of law, School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Adegoke, N. (2014). The Nigeria Police and the challenges of security in Nigeria. Review of Public Administration and Management. Vol. 3. No. 6 December 2014, Dubia, U.A.E.

Aghedo, I. and Osumah, 0. (2012). The Boko Haram uprising: How should Nigeria respond? London. Third World Quarterly, 33(5).

Alao-Akala, A. (2018). “Politicians will misuse state police”. The Guardian, November 15.

Alemika E. O. & Chukwuma I. O. (2010). Analysis of police and policing in Nigeria. Nigeria: the Department for International Development.

Alemika, E. E. O (2013). History, context and crisis of the police in Nigeria. Being A Paper Presented at the Biennial Retreat of the Police Service Commission on the theme, Repositioning the Nigeria Police to Meet the Challenges of the Policing a Democratic Society in the twenty-First Century and Beyond, held at the Le Meridian Hotel, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, November 1 - 4.

Alemika, E.E.O (2002). Police, policing and crime control in Nigeria” Nigeria Journal of Policing and Strategy, Lagos: Maithouse Press Limited.

Alemika, E.E.O. (2019) “Police-; policing and the rule of law in transitional countries”. In L. Lindholt et al. eds. Police, rule of law in transitional societies. Denmark Centre for Human Rights and Kiuwer Publishers.

Aleyomi, M. B. (2013). Is state police a panacea to security threat in Nigeria? Afro Asian Journal of Social Science, 4(2), 1 - 21.

Aliyu, M.K (2012). “Nigeria’s security challenges and the crises of development: towards a new framework for analysis”, International Journal of Developing Societies. Vol. 1 No. 3 107-116.

Alobi, L. (2019). “Is state police best option for Nigeria”? Punch Newspaper online. Retrieved September 24, 2019 from http://www.punchng.org/

Alozieuwa, S.H.O (2012). Contending theories in Nigeria’s security challenge in the era of boko haram insurgency. The peace and conflict review, Vol.7, Issue 1 ISSN: 1659-3995.

Anyadike, N.O. (2013). “Boko Haram and national security challenges in Nigeria: Causes and solution. Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development, Vol. 4 No.5. ISSN 2222-1799.

Asemota, S.A. (1993). Policing under civilian and military administrations in Tamuno, T.N. et al., (eds). Policing Nigeria: Past present and future. Lagos: Maithouse Press.

Beland, D (2005). The political construction of collective security from moral panic to blame avoidance and organized irresponsibility. Centre for European Studies Working Paper.

Ben, O. (2014). “State police: As and unripe fruit”. The SunNewspaper, March 27.

Bernard, T.I. (2014). “The politicization of the Nigeria police”. The Punch, Tuesday, October 18

Brown, S.E, Esbensen, F. and Gels. G. (1996). Criminology: Explaining crime and its content. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co.

Bulus, J. (2012) State police: The unending debate. Sunday Vanguard, August 25. Special Report.

Damus, I. (1997). “System reliability and national security”. Journal on Peace Research Review, 7.

David, B. (2006). The state of the art in community policing: An international perspective. Retrieved from http://www.aic.gov.au/en/publications on 20/ 03/2022.

Ebiz, R. (2008). The challenges of security in Nigeria. Lagos: Nairaland Publications.

Eboh, M and Obodoechina, R (2012). I.G flays public offices over security votes. The vanguard July 11, available on http://www.vanguardngr.comI2O 1 2/07/iod - flays public officers - over - security — votes.

Eboh, M. (2014). Crime prevention and control in Nigeria: A case for state police. Retrieved from nnamdi ebo newsblog@ nnamdiebo.com on 20/ 03/2022.

Egbosiuba, M. (2013). Decentralization of Nigerian police force. Retrieved from blog, all things nigeria.htm on 20/ 03/2022.

Egunjobi A. A. (2016). The Nigeria federal practice and the call for state police. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research Social & Management Sciences, 2(7), 1 - 14.

Ekweremadu, I. (2014). Policing and national security in Nigeria: The choices before us. Articles Thisday LivE.htm, 30th Mar 2013.

Eme, O. and Anyadike, N.O. (2013). Security challenges and security votes in Nigeria. 2008 - 2013. Kuwait: Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review vol. 2 no. 8 April, 2013.

Enepu, G. (2012). State Police: A panacea to insecurity. http://www.leadership.ng/nga/articles/3325 7/2012/08/24/state.police. Accessed July 10, 2019.

Enogholase, G. and Obetta, O. (2012). State Police: To be or not to be? http://www.vanguard.comJ2O 12/08/state-police-to-b-or-not-to-be! Accessed May 17, 2019.

Fashola, B.R (2014). Constitutional amendment: Fashola canvasses state police, special status for Lagos. naija.com.blog. 16th November, 2012.

Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999 Constitution) Abuja: Federal Government Printers.

Ihekire, M. (2014). “State police and internal security”. The Nation. Thursday, January 23.

Ikeji (2013). Extra — judicial killing and police brutality: The way out. The Nations Newspapers, August 27, 2013. Retrieved from http://www.thenationalonlineng.net

Johari, J.C. (2013). Princzples of modern political science. Indiana: Sterling Publishers.

Moulaye, Z. (2006). Democratic governance and security in Mali: A sustainable development challenge. Abuja: Friedic Ebert Stiffing. National Population Commission, NPC (2006)

Ndujihe, C. (2008) “National budget and security allocations”. Vanguard, July 29, 2018.

Newburn, T. (ed). (2004). Handbook of policing. London: William Publishing Company.

Ngwube, A. (2013). Threats to security in Nigeria. Journal of Political Science. Vol. 10,No.3.

Nigeria Police Force (NPF). “IGP executive summary of achievement from June- August- 100 days of pragmatic policing in Nigeria”. September 4, (Nigeria: NPF, 2007).

Nwaeze, C. (2011). Corruption in Nigeria, terrorism in Nigeria. Ibadan: University of Ibadan Press

Nwagboso, C.I. (2012). Security challenges and economy of the Nigerian state (2007-2011). American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 2. No. 6, 244-258.

Nwakwocha, N.J. (2013). “Abuse of police power in Nigeria”. Nigerian Journal of Law and Social Sciences. Vol. 7, 318-332.

Nweke, P.O. and Nwachukwu, T.S. (2014). National security issues and challenges in Nigeria: Which way forward? International Journal of Youth Empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development: Vol. 1, No. 1, 96-106.

Nwogwugwu, N. & Kupoluyi, A. K. (2015). Interrogating the desirability of state policing In Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20 (5), 1- 7.

Nwolise, O.B.C (2006). National security and sustainable democracy in E. Ojo (ed.) Challenges of sustainable democracy in Nigeria. Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archer’s Publishers

Oche, O. (2001). Democratization and the management of African security. Nigerian Journal of International Affairs, 13 (1), 7 – 19.

Odeh, A. M. & Umoh, N. (2015). State policing and national security in Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6 (1S1), 412 – 422.

Odekunle, F. (2004). Overview of policing in Nigeria: Problems and suggestions in crime and policing in Nigeria: Challenges and options. CLEEN FOUNDATION, Lagos.

Ogbu, A. (2004). State police will destroy national unity. ThisDay Newspaper online. Retrieved from Africa.comlstories/200403 1 70.htnil 17 May, 2018.

Ogwuda, G.O. (2018). State police: A progressive approach to tackling insecurity in Nigeria. BIU Law Journal, Abuja: Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies.

Okafor N. (2007). Law enforcement in post-colonial Africa: Interfacing indigenous and English policing in Nigeria: http://www.ipes.info/ wps/wpspdf. retrieved May 11, 2018.

Okute, (2012) “Let’s rethink state police”. DailySun. Wednesday, December 19.

Oladesun E (2012). Can Jonathan restore security? The Nations Newspapers. Friday July 20. P. 43

Olatoyegun, V.1. (2006). “Decentralization of the Nigeria police force: A sine qua non for efficiency security in Nigeria”, Journal of World Law Conference (INLC) Vol. 192. 123-138.

Olowokere, E and Oluduro, B. (2011). “Implications of state police in a fledging democracy”, European Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 22. No. 1. 144-155.

Onifade, C. Imhonopi, D. and Urim, U.M. (2013). Addressing the insecurity challenges in Nigeria: Imperative of moral values and virtue ethics. Global Journal of Human Science and Political Science. 13(2), 34 - 49.

Onyeozili, E.C. (2005) “Obstacles to effective policing in Nigeria”. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. Vol. 1(1), 32-54.

Orhero, A. E. (2019). Poverty, unemployment and national insecurity in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. International Journal of Legal Studies, 6(2), 89 – 98.

Orhero, A. E. (2020). Human security: the key to enduring national security in Nigeria. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 25, 470 – 484

Osibanjo, Y. (2019). “Federalism, state police or state policing”. Being a lecture delivered at the 59th independence anniversary of Island club, Lagos, Nigeria. October 5, 2019. Premium Times.

Owemena A. (2006). “The call for state police in Nigeria: Imperatives, problems and prospects. Fountain Quarterly Journal of Law. Vol. 3,7-23.

Phillipe, D. and Abimbola, K. (2012). “Solutions to insecurity”. Punch Newspapers online. Retrieved July 24, 2018. From http://www.punchng.org/.

Segun, A. (2014). A case against state police in Nigeria. Retrieved from dailyindependentnews nline.htm on 20/ 03/2022.

Shettima, K. (2012). State police or state social security?. http ://allafrica.comlstories/20 12/2090305 8OhtmL retrieved May 11, 2018.

Tadjhakhsh, S. and Odette T. (ed) (2007). Promoting human security: ethical, normative and educational framework in Eastern Europe, UNESCO, 2007.

Uhumwangho, S.O. and Aluforo, E. (2011). Challenges and solutions to ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria: Case Study of Jos crises. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. Vol. 13, No. 5, 109-124.

UN Report (2012). Member-states police report (http://www.police.gov.sz /rsp/020-%annual%20report%20 12 .pdf). retrieved July 23, 2018.

Utomi, P. (2011) “Cautious optimism over state police”. Thisday newspaper, December 15.

Wolfers, A. (1962) “National security as an ambiguous symbol” in A. Wolfers (ed.) Discord and collaboration. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Yakassi, T. (2014) “Governors will misuse state police “. Sun News. Sunday August 17.

Zabadi, S. (2005). Understanding security and security sector dynamics. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/ijpas.v3i2.13895

Article Metrics

 Abstract Views : 305 times
 PDF Downloaded : 36 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Obukohwo Abraham Egbadju, Francis Ayegbunam Ikenga, Atare Otite

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

e-ISSN 2807-3169

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Address: Kampus Bukit Indah jln Sumatera nomor 8 Kecamatan Muara Satu, Kota Lhokseumawe, tlp. 0645 44450/ 08116818083 fax 0645 44450 ISSN:

Flag Counter

statcounter International Journal of Public Administration Studies