Pedogenesis Dan Klasifikasi Tanah Sub-Das Peusangan Hilir Berdasarkan Sistem Klasifikasi Taksonomi Tanah Dan Fao-Unesco

Khusrizal Khusrizal, Nada Oktavia, Muliana Muliana, Nasruddin Nasruddin

Abstract


Perubahan tutupan lahan dan penggunaan lahan secara intensif di Sub-Daerah Aliran Sungai (sub-DAS) Krueng Peusangan Hilir dapat berimplikasi pada perubahan sifat-sifat tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pedogenesis dan mengklasifikan tanah di sub-DAS Peusangan Hilir berdasarkan sistem klasifikasi taksonomi tanah dan berdasarkan FAO-UNESCO. Data-data  morfologi tanah dikumpulkan dari hasil identifikasi dua profil tanah pewakil di area studi yaitu profil GM-1 dan CB-2. Data-data sifat fisika dan kimia tanah diperoleh dari hasil analisis contoh tanah di laboratorium. Beberapa contoh tanah dimaksud  diambil dari setiap horison pada kedua profil tanah pewakil tersebut. Seluruh data tanah diinterpretasi untuk mengetahui proses pedogenesis yang terjadi, serta untuk mengklasifikasi tanah pada kedua profil dimaksud berdasarkan sistim klasifikasi taksonomi tanah (order hingga sub-group) dan FAO-UNESCO (great-group dan sub-group). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan sifat-sifat morfologi, fisika, dan kimia tanah antar kedua profil GM-1 dan CB-2. Proses pedogenesis yang dijumpai di area studi meliputi pencucian, erosi, braunifikasi/rubifikasi dan lessivage, proses pencucian, erosi dan lessivage hanya ditemukan pada profil CB-2. Berdasarkan sistim klasifikasi taksonomi tanah untuk kategori order, sub-order, great-group, sub-group, profil GM-1 termasuk Entisols, Psamment, Ustipsamments dan Aridic Ustipsamments. Profil CB-2 tergolong Ultisols, Ustult, Haplustult, dan Kanhaplic Haplustult. Jenis tanah menurut sistim klasifikasi tanah FAO-UNESCO untuk kategori great-group dan sub-group profil GM-1 masing-masing adalah Fulvisols dan Eutric Fluvisols, dan profil CB-2 Acrisols dan Haplic Acrisols.


Keywords


Ciri tanah, proses pedogenesis, horison penciri, taksonomi tanah, FAO/UNESCO, jenis tanah

Full Text:

PDF

References


DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Alemayehu, B., & Teshome, H. 2021. Soil colloids, types and their properties: A review. Open Journal of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, 5(1), 008-013.

Alfarizi, A. Z. 2021. Pemetaan status kesuburan tanah di Sub-DAS Krueng Peusangan Hilir Kabupaten Bireun. . (Skripsi ), Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh.

Ananda, K. R., & Iqbal, D. 2021. Analisis pengelolaan DAS Peusangan berkelanjutan, Provinsi Aceh Agrienvi: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 15(2), 66-76.

Bensa, A., Švob, M., Dominguez-Villar, D., Perica, D., & Krkalec, K. 2021. Parent material as a key determinant of soil properties in Southern part of National Park Krka, Croatia AGROFOR International Journal, 116.

Bockheim, J., & Hartemink, A. 2013. Distribution and classification of soils with clay-enriched horizons in the USA. Geoderma, 209, 153-160.

Calabrese, S., Richter, D. D., & Porporato, A. 2018. The formation of clay‐enriched horizons by Lessivage. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(15), 7588-7595.

Chesworth, W., Camps, A. M., Macías, F., Spaargaren, O., Spaargaren, O., Mualem, Y., . . . Singer, A. 2008. Classification of Soils: FAO. In W. Chesworth (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Soil Science (Vol. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, pp. 111-113): Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Dixon, J. L., Chadwick, O. A., & Vitousek, P. M. 2016. Climate‐driven thresholds for chemical weathering in postglacial soils of New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 121(9), 1619-1634.

DLHK. 2019. Data topografi dan jenis tanah Kabupaten Bireuen, Provinsi Aceh.: Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Banda Aceh.

Fasina, A., Raji, A., Oluwatosin, G., Omoju, O., & Oluwadare, D. 2015. Properties, genesis, classification, capability and sustainable management of soils from south-western Nigeria. International journal of soil science, 10(3), 142-152.

Gelybó, G., Tóth, E., Farkas, C., Horel, Á., Kása, I., & Bakacsi, Z. 2018. Potential impacts of climate change on soil properties. Agrokémia és Talajtan, 67(1), 121-141.

Ghazali, M. F., Wikantika, K., Harto, A. B., & Kondoh, A. 2020. Generating soil salinity, soil moisture, soil pH from satellite imagery and its analysis. Information Processing in Agriculture, 7(2), 294-306.

Hasibuan, A. B. 2021. Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan tanaman pamelo di Sub-DAS Krueng Peusangan Hilir Kabupaten Bireun. (Skripsi ), Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh.

Issaka, S., & Ashraf, M. A. 2017. Impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality: a review. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 1(1), 1-11.

Janeau, J.-L., Gillard, L.-C., Grellier, S., Jouquet, P., Le, T. P. Q., Luu, T. N. M., . . . Tran, D. T. 2014. Soil erosion, dissolved organic carbon and nutrient losses under different land use systems in a small catchment in northern Vietnam. Agricultural water management, 146, 314-323.

Karmakar, R., Das, I., Dutta, D., & Rakshit, A. 2016. Potential effects of climate change on soil properties: a review. Science international, 4(2), 51-73.

Khusrizal, Basyaruddin, Rahayu, M. S., Pradipta, R., & Nasruddin. 2021a. Impact of heated, acidified volcanic ash and manures on properties of marginal soil and growth of soybean. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55(2), 202-206.

Khusrizal, Yusra, Martha, R. A., & Nasruddin. 2021b. Ciri Dan Pelapukan Tanah Berbahan Induk Volkan Di Kabupaten Bireuen Dan Bener Meriah Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Agrium, 18(2).

Lalitha, M., & Dhakshinamoorthy, M. 2014. Forms of soil potassium-a review. Agricultural Reviews, 35(1), 64-68. doi: DOI- 10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.008

Macdonald, L. M., Farrell, M., & Baldock, J. A. 2020. Soil organic matter–what the science tells us. Paper presented at the 2020 Barellan GRDC Grains Research Update, Barellan New South Wales.

Makhrawi, M L, R., Munir, M., & Sudarto. 2020. Genesis and development of argillic horizon in ultisol climosquence. Ecology, Enviroment and Conservation Paper, 26(4), 1544-1554.

Mapelli, F., Marasco, R., Fusi, M., Scaglia, B., Tsiamis, G., Rolli, E., . . . Tambone, F. 2018. The stage of soil development modulates rhizosphere effect along a High Arctic desert chronosequence. ISME J, 12(5), 1188-1198.

Matchavariani, L. 2019. Soil-Forming Factors In Book : The Soils of Georgia. (pp. 19-50).

Muñoz, M. A., Lugo, W. I., Santiago, C., Matos, M., Ríos, S., & Lugo, J. 2018. Taxonomic classification of the soils of Puerto Rico, 2017.

Nachtergaele, F. 2016. Classification Systems FAO. Food Agriculture Organization. Rome, Italy. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.10520-2.

Onwuka, M. I., Ozurumba, U. V., & Nkwocha, O. S. 2016. Changes in soil pH and exchangeable acidity of selected parent materials as influenced by amendments in South East of Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment protection, 4(5), 80-88.

Owens, P. R., & Rutledge, E. M. 2005. Morphology. In D. Hillel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (pp. 511-520). Oxford: Elsevier.

Pang, D., Wang, G., Liu, Y., Cao, J., Wan, L., Wu, X., & Zhou, J. 2019. The impacts of vegetation types and soil properties on soil microbial activity and metabolic diversity in subtropical forests. Forests, 10(6), 497.

Pareek, N. 2017. Climate change impact on soils: adaptation and mitigation. MOJ Eco Environ Sci, 2(3), 00026.

Quénard, L., Samouëlian, A., Laroche, B., & Cornu, S. 2011. Lessivage as a major process of soil formation: A revisitation of existing data. Geoderma, 167-168, 135-147. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.031

Rahmanto, E., Rahmabudhi, S., & Kustia, T. 2022. Kajian Analisis Spasial Penentuan Tipe Iklim Menurut Klasifikasi Schmidt–Ferguson Menggunakan Metode Thiessen–Polygon di Provinsi Riau. Buletin GAW Bariri, 3(1), 35-42.

Ramli, I., Achmad, A., Anhar, A., & Izzaty, A. 2021. Landscape patterns changes and relation to water infiltration of Krueng Peusangan Watershed in Aceh. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science.

Rashmi, I., Shirale, A., Kartikha, K., Shinogi, K., Meena, B., & Kala, S. 2017. Leaching of Plant Nutrients from Agricultural Lands Essential Plant Nutrients (pp. 465-489): Springer.

Rather, M. A., Satish Kumar, J., Farooq, M., & Rashid, H. 2017. Assessing the influence of watershed characteristics on soil erosion susceptibility of Jhelum basin in Kashmir Himalayas. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10(3), 59. doi: 10.1007/s12517-017-2847-x

Schmidt, F. H., & Ferguson, J. 1951. Rainfall types based on wet and dry period ratios for Indonesia with western New Guinee.

Setälä, H. M., Francini, G., Allen, J. A., Hui, N., Jumpponen, A., & Kotze, D. J. 2016. Vegetation type and age drive changes in soil properties, nitrogen, and carbon sequestration in urban parks under cold climate. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 4, 93.

Stanchi, S., Zecca, O., Hudek, C., Pintaldi, E., Viglietti, D., D’Amico, M. E., . . . Freppaz, M. 2021. Effect of soil management on erosion in mountain vineyards (NW Italy). Sustainability, 13(4), 1991.

Sukarman, S., Nugroho, K., & Sulaeman, Y. 2013. Perkembangan dan Permasalahan Sistem Klasifikasi Tanah di Indonesia. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 7(2).

Tho, N., & Hoa, N. T. 2017. Characteristics of soil acidification of haplic Acrisols on ancient alluvial deposits under intensive cassava cultivation in Chau Thanh district, Tay Ninh province. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences, 39(2), 130-138.

Tugel, A., Herrick, J., Brown, J., Mausbach, M., Puckett, W., & Hipple, K. 2005. Soil change, soil survey, and natural resources decision making: a blueprint for action. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69(3), 738-747.

Tuncay, T., Dengiz, O., Bayramin, İ., Kilic, S., & Baskan, O. 2019. Chemical weathering indices applied to soils developed on old lake sediments in a semi-arid region of Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 8 (1), 60-72.

Ulfi, H. T. 2022. Analisis kesesuaian agroklimat tanaman padi berdasarkan global climate model (studi kasus di Aceh Utara). (Tesis).

USDA. 2014. Keys to soil taxonomy (Vol. 12th Edition). Washington DC, USA.: NRCS. United States Department of Agriculture. .

Vodyanitskii, Y. N., & Savichev, A. 2017. The influence of organic matter on soil color using the regression equations of optical parameters in the system CIE-L* a* b. Annals of Agrarian Science, 15(3), 380-385.

Zheng-An, S., Zhang, J.-H., & Xiao-Jun, N. 2010. Effect of soil erosion on soil properties and crop yields on slopes in the Sichuan Basin, China. Pedosphere, 20(6), 736-746.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v19i4.9731

Article Metrics

 Abstract Views : 1246 times
 PDF Downloaded : 676 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Khusrizal Khusrizal, Nada Oktavia, Muliana Muliana, Nasruddin Nasruddin

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Agrium

ISSN 1829-9288 (Print)

ISSN 2655-1837 (Online)

Published by Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh
Website : http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/agrium
E-mail : agrium@unimal.ac.id

Creative Commons License

Jurnal Agrium is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
(c) Author 2018 all rights reserved

Jurnal Agrium Statistics