Effects of vitamin C dosage levels on growth and survival rate of sidat fish (Anguilla bicolor, McClelland, 1844)
Abstract
Eel is a species with high economic value, but its slow growth and low survival rate are problems that need to be addressed through the development of effective cultivation technology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C dosage on the growth and survival of eels (Anguilla bicolor). This study was conducted at the UPR. Mina Mandiri, Beutong District, Nagan Raya Regency, during the period August to October 2023. The method used was a completely randomized design with four treatment levels and three replications, namely 0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg feed. ANOVA results showed that the dose of vitamin C had a significant effect on the growth and survival of eels (P < 0.05). Further tests using Duncan's method showed significant differences between treatments in growth parameters, but there was no significant difference in survival. The 200 mg/kg feed dose showed the highest and optimal results in terms of increasing the growth and survival of eel fish.
Keywords: Culture technology; eel; growth; vitamin C
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abadi, A.P., Romboisano, N.W., Lalaem, Y.M., Ernawati., Hismayasari, I.B., Puspitasari, A.W., and Saidin. 2022. Peningkatan Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.) dengan suplementasi vitamin c pada pakan. Journal of Fish Nutrition.
Abdan, M., Dewiyanti, I., Hasri, I. 2017. Aplikasi vitamin C dalam pakan komersil dengan metode oral pada benih ikan pedih (Tor sp.). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kelautan dan Perikanan Unsyiah, 2(1), 130-140.
Afrianto, I.E., and Liviawaty, I.E. 2005. Pakan Ikan dan Perkembangannya.Kanisius.
Akiyama, D.M., and Tan, R.K. 1991. Proceedings of the Aquaculture Feed Processing and Nutrition Workshop, Thailand and Indonesia, September 19-25, 1991. Aquaculture Feed Processing and Nutrition Workshop (1991: Thailand and Indonesia),
Alfisha, T.H., Syakirin, M.B., Mardiana, T.Y., Linayati, L., and Madusari, B.D. 2020. Penambahan Vitamin C Pada Pakan Buatan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Gabus (Channa Striata). Jurnal Litbang Kota Pekalongan, 18(2), 168-174.
Biller, J.D., and Takahashi, L.S. 2018. Oxidative stress and the fish immune system: Phagocytosis and leukocyte respiratory burst activity. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90, 3403-3414.
Chen, X., Niu, J., Wang, J., and Zhao, W. 2022. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in high-fat diet on growth, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Frontiers in Marine Science 9, 831153.
Chugaeva, U.Y., Raouf, M., Morozova, N., and Mahdavian, L. 2023. Effect of l-ascorbic acid (C6H8O6: Vit-C) on collagen amino acids: DFT Amino acids, 1-10.
Darias, M.J., Mazurais, D., Koumoundouros, G., Cahu, C.L., and Zambonino-Infante, J.L. 2011. Overview of the vitamin D and C requirements in fish and their influence on the skeletal system. Aquaculture, 315(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.12.030
Dhewantara, Y.L.D., Rahmatia, F., dan Nainggolan, A. 2023. Efektivitas Vitamin C dalam pakan buatan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan Black Tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi). Jurnal Mina Sains, 9(1).
Diansyah, S., Budiardi, T., and Sudrajat, A.O. 2014. Kinerja pertumbuhan Anguilla bicolor bicolor bobot awal 3 g dengan kepadatan berbeda Growth performance of 3-g Anguilla bicolor bicolor at different density. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 13(1), 46-53.
Dubey, A.K. 2013. The Journal of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Journal of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Photon, 139, 204-209.
Duque, P., Vieira, C.P., Bastos, B., and Vieira, J. 2022. Evolution of vitamin C biosynthesis and transport in animals. BMC Ecology and Evolution, 22(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-02040-7
Effendie, M.I. 1979. Metode biologi perikanan.Yayasan Dewi Sri.
Fitriani, R., and Akmal, Y. 2020. Penambahan Vitamin C pada pakan pelet untuk pertumbuhan benih ikan betok (Anabas testudineus). Arwana: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Perairan, 2(2), 136-142.
Hallberg, L., Brune, M., Rossander, L. 1989. The role of vitamin C in iron absorption. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement= Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin-und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement, 30, 103-108.
Hardy, R.W. 2002. Fish Nutrition (https://books.google.co.id/books?id=OQ1DyywFUK4C). Elsevier Science.
Harianto, E., Supriyono, E., Budiardi, T., Affandi, R., and Hadiroseyani, Y. 2021. The effect of water level in vertical aquaculture systems on production performance, biochemistry, haematology, and histology of Anguilla bicolor bicolor. Sci Rep, 11(1), 11318. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90912-1
Harpaz, S. 2005. L-carnitine and its attributed functions in fish culture and nutrition—a review. Aquaculture, 249(1-4), 3-21.
Harun, H., Abdan, M., Suprihadi, S., Saputra, F., Kharunnisak, K., Samsuli, S., and Sulni, R. 2023. Application of herbal probiotics in feed on growth and blood profile of elver eels (Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844). Depik, 12(2), 152-158.
Hasri, I., Abdan, M.A., Putri, L., Fahmi, R., Susanti, Z., and Ridhana, F. 2023. Effect of different multivitamins on growth performance and survival of depik fish (Rasbora tawarensis Weber & de Beaufort, 1916). Journal of Aquaculture & Fish Health, 12(3).
Hoang, D.H. 2021. Effects of dietary vitamin C supplementation on fingerling golden trevally, Gnathanodon speciosus (Carangidae).
Husin, M.I., Suminto, S., Sudaryono, A. 2017. Pengaruh penambahan vitamin C dan probiotik pada pakan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan ikan patin (Pangasius hypopthalmus). Jurnal Sains Teknologi Akuakultur, 1(2), 79-87.
Ibiyo, L.M., and Madu, C.T., and Eze, S.S. 2006. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on the growth of Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 60(4), 325-332.
Ibrahim, R.E., Ahmed, S.A., Amer, S.A., Al-Gabri, N.A., Ahmed, A.I., Abdel-Warith, A.W.A., Younis, E.S.M., and Metwally, A.E. 2020. Influence of vitamin C feed supplementation on the growth, antioxidant activity, immune status, tissue histomorphology, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture Reports, 18, 100545.
Ishak, M., and Wahana, S. 2020. Efektifitas Probiotik dan Vitamin C terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Nila (Oreocrhomis niloticus). Jurnal Agrokompleks, 9(1), 16-25.
Komalasari, S.S., Subandiyono, S., and Hastuti, S. 2018. Pengaruh vitamin C pada pakan komersil dan kepadatan ikan terhadap kelulushidupan serta pertumbuhan ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Sains Akuakultur Tropis: Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquaculture, 1(1), 31-41.
Kusuma, N.P.D., Herawati, E.Y., and Sambah, A.B. 2021. Keragaman benih sidat dan sidat dewasa (Anguilla sp.) di sungai Dumoga, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Perikanan Unram, 11(2), 259-266.
Lovell, T. 1989. Nutrition and feeding of fish (Vol. 260). Springer.
Lynch, S.R., and Cook, J.D. 1980. Interaction of vitamin C and iron. Ann NY Acad Sci, 355(1), 32-44.
Marzuqi, M., and Astuti, N.W.W., and Suwirya, K. 2012. Pengaruh kadar protein dan rasio pemberian pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan kerapu macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 4(1), 55-65.
McKinnon, L.J. 2006. A review of eel biology: Knowledge and Gaps. Report to EPA Victoria.
Mellisa, S., Hasri, I., Nurfadillah, N., and Arisa, I. 2021. The effectiveness of feeding artemia enriched with vitamin C on the growth performance and survival of Lemeduk fish larvae (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,
Mulyani, I., Rumondang, R., Aryani, D., and Lesmana, I. 2021. Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) rearing techniques at the uptd for conservation and supervision of Marine Fishery Resources of Sicincin, West Sumatra. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,
Murmu, S., and Shrivastava, V. K. 2011. The protective action of an anti-oxidant (Vitamin-C) against Bisphenol-toxicity in Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(1).
Murota, K. 2020. Absorption pathway of dietary flavonoids: The potential roles of the lymphatic transport in the intestine. Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 10(7), 274-289.
Noor, A.Y.M., and Abidin, Z. 2019. Competitiveness of Indonesian eel (Anguilla sp.) in international market. ECSOFiM (Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal), 7(01), 44-58.
Pangestyastuti, I. 2017. Pengaruh vitamin C dan probiotik dalam pakan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, 6(3), 113-122.
Perdana, A.A., and Chilmawati, D. 2016. Performa efisiensi pakan pertumbuhan dan kualitas nutrisi elver sidat (Anguilla bicolor) melalui pengkayaan pakan buatan dengan minyak ikan. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, 5(1), 26-34.
Perera, A.D., and Bhujel, R.C. 2021. Potential role of l-ascorbic acid with field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) meal in diets of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during sex reversal and nursing. Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh, 73, 1-17.
Putri, T.U., Muamar, A., Harun, H., Jayanti, S., Suprihadi, S., Samsuli, S. 2022. Aplikasi probiotik herbal dalam pakan pada benih ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822). MAHSEER: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan dan Perikanan, 4(2), 32-38.
Romanova, E.M., Lyubomirova, V., Romanov, V., and Turaeva, E. 2023. The influence of the food factor on the components of the antioxidant protection system in fish. E3S Web of Conferences.
Sivaramakrishnan, T., Kumar, T.S., Sandeep, K.P., Bera, A., Raja, R.A., Kumar, S., Kailasam, M., Felix, N., and Ambasankar, K. 2023. Effects of dietary ascorbic acid on growth, hematology, intestinal histology, and resistance to Vibrio harveyi in early life stage of milkfish. Fisheries Science, 89(4), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-023-01690-w
Sugianti, Y., dan Krismono, K. 2013. Karakteristik perairan yang dilalui ikan sidat (Anguilla sp.) di aliran Sungai Poso. Limnotek: perairan darat tropis di Indonesia, 20(2).
Sunarto., Suriansyah., and Sabariah. 2008. Effect of dietary vitamin C ascorbic acid on the growth performance and immune response of betok Anabas testudineus Bloch. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 7(2), 151-157. https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.7.151-157
Trichet, V.V., Santigosa, E., Cochin, E., and Gabaudan, J. 2015. The effect of vitamin C on fish health. Dietary Nutrients, Additives, and Fish Health, 151-171.
Watanabe, T. 1988. Fish Nutrition and Mariculture. The General Aquaculture Course. Kanagawa International Fisheries Training Center, Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA), Tokyo.
Xu, C.M., Yu, H.R., Li, L.Y., Li, M., Qiu, X.Y., Fan, X.Q., Fan, Y.l., and Shan, L.l. 2022. Effects of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activity of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) Postsmolts. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2022. 6866578. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6866578
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/aa.v11i1.13858
Article Metrics
Abstract Views : 159 times
PDF Downloaded : 4 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.