DAMPAK FLUKTUASI HARGA KOMODITAS PANGAN TERHADAP INFLASI DI PROVINSI RIAU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29103/ag.v7i1.3160Abstract
ABSTRACT
Food is the main commodity that needs to be fulfilled, but in reality, there are obstacles in maintaining the stability of the supply of food commodity needs. Unfulfilled supply of food commodities will cause fluctuations in food commodity prices which tend to increase, and in the end, can lead to inflation. According to Bank Indonesia, based on data obtained from BPS (2019), the average contribution of the foodstuff group to inflation in Riau Province from 2016 to 2018 was 4.91 which was the highest compared to other expenditure groups. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of food commodity price fluctuations on inflation in Riau Province. The data analysis method used is Vector Autoregressive (VAR) or Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The variables used in this study were inflation, the price of red chilies, bird's eye chilies, shallots, garlic, purebred chicken, and eggs. The data used are secondary data from 2015 to 2019 which is monthly data with 60 observations. The results showed that in the short term there were only a few variables that affected inflation in Riau Province, namely inflation in the previous month, the price of red chilies, the price of purebred chicken, and the price of eggs. Meanwhile, in the long term all variables, namely the price of red chilies, bird's eye chilies, shallots, garlic, purebred chicken, and eggs have a significant effect on inflation in Riau Province.
Keywords: Inflation, Food Commodities, VAR, VECM
ABSTRAK
Pangan merupakan komoditas utama yang harus terpenuhi kebutuhannya, namun dalam kenyataanya terdapat kendala dalam menjaga kestabilan pasokan kebutuhan komoditas pangan. Tidak terpenuhinya pasokan komoditas pangan akan menyebabkan fluktuasi harga komoditas pangan yang cenderung meningkat, dan pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan inflasi. Menurut Bank Indonesia, berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari BPS (2019), rerataan konstribusi kelompok bahan makanan terhadap inflasi di Provinsi Riau selama Tahun 2016 sampai 2018 adalah sebesar 4,91 yang merupakan tertinggi jika dibandingkan kelompok pengeluaran lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak fluktuasi harga komoditas pangan terhadap inflasi di Provinsi Riau. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Vector Autoregressive (VAR) atau Vector Error Corection Model (VECM). Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah inflasi, harga cabai merah, cabai rawit, bawang merah, bawang putih, daging ayam ras, dan telur ayam ras. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari tahun 2015 sampai 2019 yang merupakan data bulanan dengan 60 obeservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada jangka pendek hanya beberapa variabel yang mempengaruhi inflasi di Provinsi Riau, yaitu inflasi pada bulan sebelumnya, harga cabai merah, harga daging ayam ras, dan harga telur ayam ras. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang semua variabel, yaitu harga cabai merah, cabai rawit, bawang merah, bawang putih, daging ayam ras, dan telur ayam ras berpengaruh signifikan terhadap inflasi di Provinsi Riau.
Kata Kunci: Inflasi, Komoditas Pangan, VAR, VECM
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