Characteristic of gelatin bone tilapia (Oreochromis nilaticus) extracted with acid and base

Andarini Diharmi, Helmi Nurhanif, N Ira Sari

Abstract


This study was aimed to determine chemical and physical characteristics of extracted tilapia fish bone gelatin using acid (HCl) and alkaline (NaOH) solutions. The research method was used comparative experimental with Paired t-test consisting of 2 treatments, namely 4% HCl and 4% NaOH with 3 replications. Analysis parameters was consisted of yield, gel strength, viscosity, pH, moisture content, and ash. Characteristics of gelatin extracted using acid solution was resulted in yield, gel strength and viscosity was 4.40, 182.65 g/bloom. and 9.90 cP. Characteristic of gelatin extracted with acid has moisture, ash and pH levels of 5.85%, 2.35%, and 4.25. Gelatin extracted with bases was produced physical characteristics of yield, gel strength, and viscosity of 4.67%, 150.41 g/bloom and 6.03 cP and chemical characteristics (moisture, ash, and pH) were 5.77%, 3.37%, and 10.24. The extraction process using acids and bases resulted in tilapia fish bone gelatin with significantly different characteristics on gel strength, viscosity, pH, and ash except yield and moisture content. Gelatin was produced from tilapia fish bones using acids has gel strength, pH, ash, and moisture content in accordance with SNI standards except for viscosity, while gelatin uses bases had gel strength, viscosity and moisture content, except for pH and ash.

Keywords: characteristic physico-chemical; gel strength; pH; viscosity; yield


Full Text:

PDF

References


Astawan, M dan T. Aviana. 2003. Pengaruh Jenis Larutan Perendaman Serta Metode Pengeringan Terhadap Sifat Fisik, Kimia dan Fungsional Gelatin dari Kulit Cucut. J. Teknologi dan industry pangan. 14(1):7-13.

[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. SNI 06.3735. 1995. Mutu dan Cara Uji Gelatin. Jakarta (ID): Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

British Standard 757. 1975. Sampling and Testing of Gelatins

Courts, A. Johns, P. (1977). The Structure of Compettion of Collagen Containing Tissue. Di dalam Ward AG dan Courts A, editor. 1997. The Science and Technology of Gelatin. New York: Academic Press.

Courts, A. and Johns, P. 1977. Relationship between collagen and gelatin. In Ward, A. G. dan Courts, A. (eds.). J. Sci. and Techn. Gel. Academic Press, New York

Fahrul. 2005. Kajian Ekstraksi Gelatin dari Kulit Ikan Tuna (Thunnus alalunga) dan Karakteristiknya sebagai Bahan Baku Industri Farmasi. Thesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Gelatin Manufactures Institute of America (GMIA). 2007. Raw Materials and Production. Gelatin Manufactures Institute of America. http://www.gelatin-gmia.com/html/rawmaterials.html.

GMIA. 2012. Gelatin Handbook. USA: Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America

Gunawan , F. Suptijah P, Uju. 2017. Ekstraksi Dan Karakterisasi Gelatin Kulit Ikan Tenggiri (Scomberomorus Commersonii) Dari Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Jurnal pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20 (3). 568-581

Hariyadi dan Hidayat N. 2003. Tekno Pangan Agro Industri 1(1): 1-12.

Hasan. 2007. Studi Ekstraksi pada Proses Pembuatan Gelatin Tipe B dari Kulit Sapi. Skripsi. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Hinterwaldner, R. 1977. Technology of Gelatin Manufacture di dalam Ward, A.G., dan Courts, A., (editors.), The science and Technology of Gelatin, Academic Press, New York.

Huda, WN.2013. Kajian karakteristik fisik dan kimia gelatin ekstrak tulang kaki ayam (Gallus gallus bankiva) dengan variasi lama perendaman dan konsentrasi asam. Jurnal Teknosains Pangan. 2(3):70-75.

Jamilah B, dan Harvender KG. 2002. Properties of gelatins from skins of fish-black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Food Chemistry, 77, 81–84

Junianto, Kiki H dan Ine M. 2006. Produksi Gelatin dari Tulang Ikan dan Pemanfaatannya sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Cangkang Kapsul. Unpad, Bandung.

Kusumawati R, Tazwir, Wawasto A. 2008. Pengaruh perendaman dalam asam klorida terhadap kualitas gelatin tulang kakap merah (Lutjanus sp.). Jurnal Pascapanen Bioteknologi Kelautan Perikanan. 1(3):63-68.

Leiner P.B. 2006. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Gelatin. http:///www.pbgelatin.com.

Nurilmala M. Wahyuni M. Wiratmaja H. 2006. Perbaikan nilai tambah limbah tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus sp) menjadi gelatin serta analisis fisika-kimia. Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan IX(2): 22-33.

Rahmania, A.R. Nisma, F. Mayangsari, E. 2013. Ekstraksi Gelatin Dari Tulang Ikan Tenggiri Melalui Proses Hidrolisis Menggunakan Basa. Jurnal Media Farmasi. 10(2):18-28

Rukmana. R. 2003. Ikan Nila, Budidaya dan Prospek Agribisnis. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.

Rusli, A. 2004. Kajian Proses Ekstraksi Geltin dari Kulit Ikan Patin Segar. Thesis. Bogor. Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB.

Schrieber, R. and Gareis, H. 2007. Gelatine Handbook: Theory and Industrial Practice, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, Weingeim.

Stainsby G. 1977. The Gelatin Geland The Sol-Gel Tranformation. In: Ward. A.G ,Cour., A (ed). The Science and technologi of gelatin. NewYork: Academic Press.

Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 06.3735. 1995. Mutu dan Cara Uji Gelatin. Dewan Standarisasi Nasional. Jakarta.

Sudarmadji, S. 1997. Prosedur Analisa untuk Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian. Edisi 4. Liberty, Yogyakarta.

Suptijah, P.2013. Analisis Kekuatan gel (gel strength) produk permen jelly dari gelatin kulit ikan cucut dengan penambahan karaginan dan rumput laut. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 16 (2): 568-581.

Suryanti, Hadi, S. Peranginangin, R. (2006). Ekstraksi Gelatin Dari Tulang Ikan Kakap Merah (Lutjanus sp) Secara Asam. Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan. 1 (1): 27-35

Syarief, R dan Halid, H. 1993. Teknologi Penyimpanan Pangan. Arcan, Jakarta.

Ward, A. G and Courts. A. 1977. The Science and Technology of Gelatin. New York: Academic Press.

Utama, H. 1997. Gelatin yang bikin heboh. J. Halal LPPOM-MUI (18): 10-12

Winarno, F.G. 2004. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi. P.T. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.

Yuniarifin H, Bintoro VP, dan Suwarastuti A. 2006. Pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi asam fosfat pada proses perendaman tulang sapi terhadap rendemen, kadar abu dan viskositas gelatin. Jurnal Pengembangan Peternakan Tropis. 31(1): 55 – 6.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/aa.v9i2.6159

Article Metrics

 Abstract Views : 58 times
 PDF Downloaded : 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Copyright (c) Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal   

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.