INDUKSI TEMATIK AS-SYATIBI DALAM EPISTEMOLOGI DAN AKSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29103/reusam.v9i1.4868Keywords:
induksi tematik, epistemoligi, aksiologi, hukum Islam.Abstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana induksi tematik, sebagai metode berpikir dalam penemuan hukum Islam, bekerja. Manhaj yang digagas oleh asy-Asyatibi ini dihadirkan dengan cara kerja sistem hukum progersif. Ia dimanfaatkan untuk tidak hanya melakukan istinbat dari sumber-sumber primer hukum Islam, tetapi juga diproyeksikan untuk merespons realitas sosial dari aspek makna substansialnya. Ketika kebanyakan manhaj berpikir hukum Islam sebelumnya hanya berpijak pada bunyi teks, induksi tematik justru menyingkap maksud pensyariatan hukum. Tak pelak jika ia diidentifikasi sebagai manhaj berpikir baru dalam sejarah perkembangan hukum Islam. Pada dasarnya, sistem, dasar dan pola berpikir induksi tematik hadir sebagai suatu epistemologi yang berangkat dari nalar yang relatif serupa dengan penalaran hukum asy-Syafii, namun berbeda dalam pengelolaanya; induksi asy-syatibi mengelola sisi implisit teks, sementara induksi asy-syafii mengelola sisi eksplisitnya. Selanjutnya, secara aksiologi, studi ini juga menampilkan penerapan epistemologi hukum Islam dalam komparasi tiga model induksi. Ketiganya dimanfaatkan untuk melacak dalil-dalil partikular dalam rangka membangun epistemologi bagi paradigma baru hukum kewarisan Islam. Paradigma itu lahir dari dualisme sistem kewarisan matrilinial dan patrilinial yang saling-tarik menarik, namun pada gilirannya menjadi penjembatan antarkeduanya. Implikasi studi ini memperlihatkan bagaimana induksi tematik asy-Syatibi berkerja dalam dua wilayah; epistemologi dan aksiologi. Ketika secara ontologi induksi hanya berarti pelacakan (tatabbu), studi ini justru menerapkannya pada wilayah epistemologi dan aksiologi sebagai manhaj berpikir hukum Islam yang progresif; seirama dengan pernyataan syariat, sementara tetap merespons realitas sosial.
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