Kepentingan Ciri-Ciri Maritim Di Kepulauan Spratly dan Isu Pencemaran Marin yang Berlaku
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29103/reusam.v8i1.2611Keywords:
Kepentingan ciri-ciri maritim, isu pencemaran marin, kepulauan spratlyAbstract
Laut China Selatan merupakan antara ekosistem marin yang terbesar di dunia yang kaya dengan pelbagai hidupan laut dan menjadi sumber mata pencarian bagi komuniti yang tinggal di kawasan sekitarnya. Kewujudan terumbu di Kepulauan Spratly juga adalah penting dalam memastikan biodiversiti yang seimbang dan ekosistem yang sihat bagi hidupan marin. Namun, China memulakan kerja-kerja mengorek untuk menukar 3 terumbu di Kepulauan Spratly di Laut China Selatan menjadi pulau tiruan. Pulau tersebut juga sudah diturap menjadi landasan kapal terbang sepanjang 3,000 meter dengan jalan rayap. Aktiviti-aktiviti yang dilakukan telah membuatkan kawasan persekitaran marin dan pengurangan stok ikan di Laut China Selatan berada pada tahap yang membimbangkan. Sungguhpun China menyatakan bahawa mereka mempunyai hak untuk menjalankan aktiviti penambakan laut ke atas Kepulauan Spratly selari dengan undang-undang antarabangsa, namun kenyataan tersebut mendapat kritikan daripada negara-negara yang berminat terutamanya Filipina dan Amerika Syarikat. Aktiviti penambakan laut secara besar-besaran serta pembinaan pulau tiruan telah merosakkan terumbu-terumbu malah ia melanggar undang-undang antarabangsa. Impak serta kesan negatif yang dimaksudkan adalah kesan terhadap ekosistem terumbu luar pesisir dan kesan terhadap ekosistem marin dan perikanan. Negara-negara Pihak dan negara Asean hendaklah berganding bahu dalam mengekalkan ciri-ciri tersebut dan sentiasa mengambil langkah penjagaan yang rapi dalam mengawal selia hidupan marin di Kepulauan Spratly.
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