Perbandingan Penerapan Restoratif Justice Antara Indonesia dan Tiongkok
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29103/reusam.v11i2.14834Abstract
Hukum yang kaku atau tidak fleksibel akan menimbulkan suatu kompleksitas dan aneka konflik dalam kehidupan sosial, sehingga diperlukan konsepsi hukum yang dapat diterima (akseptable) masyarakat dan yang sesuai dengan sifat karakteristik dan pola kehidupan masyarakat (adaptable). Hukuman pidana penjara bukan merupakan solusi terbaik dalam menanggulangi kejahatan. Restorative Justice merupakan penyelesaian tindak pidana dengan melibatkan pelaku, korban, keluarga pelaku, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, tokoh adat, atau pemangku kepentingan untuk bersama - sama mencari penyelesaian yang adil melalui perdamaian dengan menekankan kembali pemilihan kembali pada keadaan semula. Tujuan konsep restorative justice yaitu proses dimana semua pihak yang berkepentingan secara bersama-sama untuk menyelesaikan akibat dari pelanggaran tersebut demi kepentingan masa depan. Keadilan restoratif mengambil peranan yang lebih luas di dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia sejak amandemen Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak pada tahun 2014. Lain halnya yang terjadi di negara Tiongkok, yang dimana sudah puluhan tahun menjadi Restorative Justice sebagai salah satu upaya penyelesaian hukum melalui mediasi rakyat (Restorative Justice China). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian hukum Normatif, yang dimana metode Penelitian Normatif ini dilakukan dengan meneliti bahan pustaka atau kepustakaan. Bagi Indonesia secara paradigmatik telah terjadi pergeseran dari penegakan hukum pidana yang berlandaskan retributif justice menuju kepada restoratif justice. Bagi Tiongkok mediasi rakyat adalah bagian dari sistem hukum Tiongkok untuk menyelesaikan konflik sosial akar rumput di luar sistem peradilan. Di Indonesia hal yang menjadi kelemahan dalam penerapan Restorative Justice terletak pada acara penerapannya, sementara di Tiongkok mediasi rakyat berubah dari alat garis massa yang dipolitisasi menjadi mekanisme untuk menjaga stabilitas sosial dan melestarikan rezim komunis.
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