IoT-Based Three-Phase Induction Motor Monitoring System

This paper describes how to use the Internet of Things to control and monitor induction motors. Because it can be utilized from anywhere via Wi-Fi, IoT is more convenient and efficient to control the system. The purpose of this monitoring system is to prevent induction motor failure by implementing preventive measures. Induction motors are used in a variety of applications such as in industry due to their many advantages such as self-starting, high power factor, and rugged design. As a result, using the best available smart protection techniques, it is imperative to detect flaws in the motor at an early stage to improve the efficiency of the motor and ensure safe and reliable operation. The voltage, current and temperature of the induction motor can be monitored remotely with the Blynk IoT application. The monitoring results will determine the error in the motor operating parameters that caused severe damage to the motor. Three PZEM-004T sensors to obtain parameters of each R, S, and T phase of the motor in real-time and relays to control the motor are used in this system to monitor and regulate using IoT. Information from the sensor is received by the microcontroller unit, which processes the sensing data. If an abnormal value is detected, the system automatically generates a control signal to start or stop the motor.


Introduction
Induction motor is one type of motor that is popularly used throughout the world to support production processes in the industrial sector. Especially the most widely used three-phase induction motor. The use of three phase induction motors can be found in tools such as pumps, manufacturing equipment, centrifugal machines, crushers, conveyors, elevators, blowers, compressors and many more (Syafrudin & Hasibuan, n.d.). Induction motors are also used in various applications such as electric vehicles, industrial, and agricultural areas due to their many advantages such as self-starting, low cost, high power factor, and sturdy design (Hasibuan & others, 2011) (Mamatha & Thejaswi, 2021).
Based on its role and function, the operation of a three-phase induction motor must have a high level of reliability so that stability and continuity are maintained properly (Nasution et al., 2020). For this reason, it is necessary to know the types of disturbances that can potentially interfere with the function and work of the three-phase induction motor itself (Ashmitha et al., 2021). Induction motor as a driver in the industrial sector is required to work continuously without stopping. Then routine maintenance is needed, one of which is by knowing the disturbance in the motor. Fault identification of a three-phase induction motor can be seen by measuring the working values of the motor such as voltage, current, temperature, and rotational speed when the fault occurs (Natalis Hengky Richardo, Junaidi, 2017).
In the industrial world, three-phase induction motors are usually monitored by an operator. The operator is in charge of supervising the monitoring of the induction motor while it is operating (Nasution & Hasibuan, 2018). The process of monitoring a three-phase induction motor that still uses conventional methods by making direct measurements. This causes monitoring to be inefficient and requires a lot of time and effort. Therefore we need equipment that can easily and efficiently monitor the temperature, current and voltage of a three-phase induction motor. Efficient measuring instruments can be made with the help of microcontrollers and wireless technology. An integrated monitoring system with the application of connected microcontrollers and sensors, so that it is able to transmit current, voltage and temperature information wirelessly to a cloud server on a computer or smartphone application. This monitoring system is designed by implementing an automatic monitoring system to maintain the performance of a three-phase induction motor.
advances, our interactions with information systems change, both at work and during leisure time. Information technology, sensors, and networks are becoming smaller, more powerful, and used more frequently. Society no longer only encounters information technology at meeting points in their lives, such as in the office or at a desk, but as information and communication infrastructure, which is present in more and more areas of daily life. These infrastructures are characterized by the fact that they include not only classic devices (Le Galès, 2011), for example, PCs and mobile phones, but that information and communication technologies are also embedded in objects and environments (Ashmitha et al., 2021).

Sensors
A sensor is a tool or device used to convert physical quantities into electrical quantities (Borghetti et al., 2020). Sensors are devices used to detect induced signals originating from the conversion of an energy such as electrical energy (Bašić, 2019), physical energy, chemical energy, biological energy, mechanical energy and others. Sensors can also function in implementing a device that can work automatically when using the sensor used (Maulana, 2014). a.
PZEM-004T PZEM-004T sensor is a hardware device that plays a role in measuring voltage, current, active power, frequency, power factor and active energy, the board without display function, the information is read through the TTL interface (Mamatha & Thejaswi, 2021).
NodeMCU ESP8266 The NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller is an electronic board based on the ESP8266 chip made by Espressive Systems, has a microUSB port that functions for programming or power supply. NodeMCU supports the Arduino (Integrated Development Environment) IDE software (Ouldzira et al., 2019).   Blynk IoT Blynk IoT as an IoT platform that provides remote hardware control and monitoring systems (Artiyasa et al., 2020). The Blynk application can run on all operating systems such as Android and IOS as well as website platforms (Karuppusamy, 2020). Blynk operation control can be applied with microcontrollers such as the ESP8266, Arduino, and Raspberry Pi modules. The user interface on Blynk IoT is simpler and easier to understand, users only need to create a device by setting a widget and configuring a virtual pin with the widget (Blynk.io, n.d.).

Research Method
From the flow chart above, it can be described as follows. a) Study of Literature, conducting a literature review related to the issues discussed so as to provide confidence that this research can be carried out and also reduce errors in research. b) Identification of Needs, identifying and analyzing needs of the problems discussed so that this research can be carried out.
c) System Planning, properly managing the design of the problems obtained and there are three parts to the process, namely mechanical design, electronic design, and program design. d) Monitoring System Realization, carrying out the overall design of the system to be implemented. e) Testing and Data Collection, testing the design that has been realized in the hope that the system can run well. f) Functional Testing, testing the components used to determine whether the components are functioning as they should.
Functional testing consists of testing sensor PZEM-004T, NodeMCU, and Relays. g) Performance Testing, conduct overall testing of the designed system. If the performance obtained is not in accordance with the design, corrections and improvements are made. h) Result and Discussion, conduct a review and analysis of test data so as to find new ideas to draw conclusions.

Figure 6 Flowchart Research
All designs are made by following the research stages. All control components used for monitoring three-phase induction motors are arranged according to the NodeMCU ES8266 pin configuration, which can be seen in Figure 7. the entire control circuit is installed on the panel box to see the performance of the system the tool can work according to the arduino IDE program that has been made.

Results and Discussion
This test was carried out on a working system monitoring system for motor performance reading voltage and current values from the PZEM-004T sensor which is displayed via the LCD and Blynk as well as relay performance tests for remote control systems. The monitoring results of PZEM-004T read the voltage and current values of the induction motor when operating with different supply voltage data, with the aim of seeing the performance of the sensor whether it succeeds in reading the values accurately. From the table above, testing is carried out on the PZEM-004T sensor up to five times in order to get error values and error persetage. The calculation of error values is obtained from the results of the comparison of PZEM-004T measurement data with multimeter measuring instruments. Then the average error value at the voltage of the induction motor is 0.5%, and the error value at the measurement of the current value is obtained by 0.6%.
Relay testing refers more to the EPS8266's ability to receive instruction data from the blynk IoT application, before being received by the relay and triggering the contactor so that it can control the induction motor. Distance is a parameter for comparing EPS8266 performance, shown in Table 3 where the relay works well even though there is a delay of a few seconds. This happens because of differences in distance and the ability of the wifi connection used. The ON/OFF control of this motor can be used if there is a disturbance in the operation of the motor without having to think about the time and distance.

Conclusions
In this paper the concept of the Internet of Things to start remote monitoring of motor systems. The system has the ability to combine various parameters of the induction motor's tengangan and current in real time and improve the accurate detection of various operating values occurring in the motor. Monitoring the motor system provides measurements of different parameters i.e. supply voltage and motor current. The concept of IoT is presented here for remote motor monitoring and control. Using visual basic, the data received from the controller node is represented graphically. The data is also displayed serially. Updated work that can be controlled remotely without thinking about distance and time. The application of this system is necessary today for any vehicle of industrial electrical and automation systems that require greater safety. The system has special advantages, less maintenance, easy and fast control and remote data access.