Lighting Improvement in Building Renovation

Dina Maizana1 Syarifah Muthia Putri2, Muhammad Rizal Irhami3 1Electrical Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Jl. Kolam No. 1, Medan, 20223, Indonesia,maizanadina@gmail.com 2Electrical Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Jl. Kolam No. 1, Medan, 20223, Indonesia, syarifahmuthiaputri@gmail.com 3Electrical Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Jl. Kolam No. 1, Medan, 20223, Indonesia, rizal.irhami12@gmail.com


Introduction
Electrical installation is an important component of a building. Electrical installation in a building must be planned and implemented in accordance with applicable standards and regulations in order to obtain an efficient and safe electrical system. General Electrical Installation Requirements/Persyaratan Umum Instalasi Listrik (PUIL) are rules related to electrical installations. PUIL provides requirements for the design, installation and verification of electrical installations. So that it can provide safety to humans, livestock, and property that might arise in the use of electrical installations. Improved performance through standardized electrical installations can provide benefits in the form of electrical short circuit safety, simplifying maintenance or checking, simplifying interior design arrangements, and making comfort.
Lights as the main device used in a building have a big effect. Lighting that fits the standard will provide viewing comfort for the occupants. This comfort can allow residents to do their activities optimally. Planning for room lighting with lamps is carried out by considering the dimensions of the room, the color of the walls, and the position of the lamp.
The renovated 1 st floor the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, has a bad lighting system that requires improvement in term of lighting. The carried out of this paper is tocomply the lighting with lighting standard. When the lighting standard is achieved, the staff can work comfortably and optimally.

Literature Review  Room lighting system
The lighting system or lighting in the room must pay attention to the supporting factors in order to produce a good lighting system (Wagiman, K.R & Abdullah, M. N, 2017 Light intensity is the light flux emitted in a certain direction per unit corner of a certain room. The unit of light intensity is candela.

Illumination
Illumination is the intensity of light on a plane. The unit of illumination is lux. The Faculty of Engineering, University of Medan Area is a building in an educational institution that requires lighting according to standards and can be seen in the following table 1: Table 1. Illumination Standard (Phillips Lighting Manual, 2015)  The Shape of a Room The shape of a room affects the quality of the lighting because it relates to the large in that shape (Feri, D, Anita, H, 2014). The figure 1 shows that squares will create a larger area than circles and triangles.  By using the data table 2 and 3 and substitute into equation (1) will be obtained illuminance that produced at the room with different room form is shown in table 4:  The quality of the lighting at the lamp position The position of the lights in a room is usually placed at the top and in the middle of the room. Adjustment of lamp position is carried out to obtain lighting power according to the purpose by the room user (Dila, H, 2014). Some examples of lamp positions can be seen in the picture = ( + )(2) Angle θ is obtained by determine angle cosine between La and Lb that is: To obtain strength of lighting at a position as follows: = / (4) To obtain strength of lighting at b position as follows: = cos / ( + ) (5)

 Effects of Illumination on Eye Health
Based on the results of research, eye health problems occur because they are in a room with non-standard lighting conditions (Lin, K. H, Su, C. C, Chen, Y.Y, Chu, P,2019). Poor lighting quality will cause the iris muscle to work harder to adjust the pupil to adjust to the intensity of the incoming light. If someone stays in the room for a long time it will cause eye fatigue, reduce work efficiency, and cause the potential for accidents.

 Determination of the number of light points
Several factors influence the determination of the number of lighting points in a room, namely: 1. Room use (room function), every type of room use must have a strong need for lighting because every room has needs that are not the same as its use. 2. The scale of the shape of the room, the greater the scale of the room, the greater the capturing power of the lighting that must be needed. 3. The condition of the walls and top of a room (reflection factor), we need to know that the paint color on the walls and ceiling in a room can reverse or can absorb light. 4. Several types of lamps and armatures are used, each lamp and armature has a different design and characteristics. 4. The location of the placement and the number of lights in each existing room must be calculated in such a way, so that the room gets an even light beam. The formula used to find the number of lighting points is:  The research was carried out by measuring the light intensity using the Lux meter Kyoritsu illuminometer Model 5200 held on February 2, 2020 in order to obtain the value of the light intensity in each room. Based on these measurements, it is known that the value of light intensity throughout the room still has not reached the standard and it is necessary to make improvements by adding lighting points.

Result and Discussion
The measurement results of light intensity can be seen in the following table 7: Based on the measurement results in table 8, it is known that the old lighting system still does not fulfill the lighting standard. It needs improvement in lighting system. To get the number of additional light points, we using formula 6 and 7. Then calculate the room for the Head of the Study Program Electrical Engineering, which is 4.65 meters long and 3.75 meters wide, using an 8W CFL lamp which is equivalent to 40 Watts (table 6) and L/w is 75 lumens, then: Ø = W x L/w = 40 watt x 75 lumens = 3000 lumens E = 350 (Based on lumen requirements from Table 1   Based on the results of measurements and calculations, it is found that the shape of the room affects the quality of the lighting. The rectangular space requires 21% more light power than the circular shape and 50% more than the triangle space shape based on the xx table. This is because the rectangular shape has a larger area than other shapes. The Faculty of Engineering, University of Medan Area with 100% square space requires greater lighting.
The color of the walls also affects the quality of the lighting. The Faculty of Engineering, University of Medan Area is characterized by its blue color and has sky-blue walls. This results in a room reflectance factor of around 0.4 -0.45, thus requiring a larger lighting. White color can improve lighting quality because white color has a reflection factor of 0.7 -0.8. The position of the lamp also has a role in producing the power of the lighting. Based on the xx table, it is known that the position of the lamp in the middle has the greatest light strength, so that in this design the position of the lamp is placed in the middle. Whereas in some rooms, the position is placed on the edge of the room because of the need for light based on the placement of the work table.

Conclusion
From the simulation and calculation results, it is found that: 1. The quality of the lighting in a room is influenced by the shape of the room, the color of the walls, and the position of the lights. 2. The position of the lamp according to the comfort of vision is the location of the lamp in the middle of the room and is also adjusted to the placement of the work table. 3. The 100% area of the 100% square area of the engineering faculty building in the university, so it requires more lighting than other forms of space.