Jockey's interest in traditional horse racing sports championships in central aceh district

The purpose of this study was to determine the interest of jockeys in traditional horse racing championships in Central Aceh Regency. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative research approach. The sample in this study amounted to 30 people. Data collection techniques by conducting observations, closed interviews and distributing questionnaires. The research instruments used were observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data processing techniques using the percentage formula. The results showed that the jockey's interest in horse racing was in the high category with a percentage of 100%. The conclusion of the research is that the support from various parties, both from the family, the environment, and the government, makes the children develop their interest in becoming horse racing jockeys.


INTRODUCTION
Sport is an activity that is very important to maintain one's fitness. Exercise is also an important method for reducing stress. Exercise is also an active behavior that activates metabolism and affects the function of glands in the body to produce the immune system in an effort to defend the body from disease and stress. Therefore, it is highly recommended for everyone to carry out regular and wellstructured sports activities.
The Law of the Republic of Indonesia number 3 of 2005 concerning the National Sports System explains that sports are part of the process of achieving national development goals so that the existence and role of sports in the life of the community, nation and state must be placed in a clear position in the national legal system. A sport activity needs interest because with interest it will create a sense of interest and pleasure in doing sports activities, this will cause the activities or activities carried out by children to be more meaningful and earnest so children will try to get what is expected but if compared to children who have no interest in being lazy to do sports activities. Interest is a constant tendency to pay attention by remembering some activities, interest has a great influence on sports, because if the sport being studied is not in accordance with the child's interests, the child will not exercises as well as possible because there is no attraction for him. The development of sports today in Indonesia, both among the community and in the educational environment, has quite a number of branches, such as athletics, games, gymnastics, martial arts, water sports, recreation and equestrian sports. The history of horses, one might say throughout human history. More than 4500 years ago, Asian peoples have kept horses. Europeans, since 1200 BC, horse ownership means showing status. Even ancient peoples, such as the Mesopotamian Kassisten, the Egyptian kaysars, the Syrian Milanese, and the Indian Aryans used horses as vehicles of combat. Horse racing is a race where a jockey rides a horse to reach the finish line as quickly as possible with a predetermined trajectory. Initially horse racing often used chariots. And this is usually done in the days of the Roman empire (as in the movie Ben-Hur). In addition, this horsedrawn carriage is also found in various mythologies in the European region. Horse racing is often associated with gambling. Because that's where the main income comes from for the organizers. In addition, horse racing is also called the King's Sport.
Horse racing in the world is divided into 2. Toroughbred Race and Harness Race. Toroughbred is an ordinary horse race which is divided into 2 more parts, namely the Flat Race (regular racing) and Jumping Race (racing using obstacles, such as hurdles). The Toroughbred Race is the most popular race in the world. The Harness Race is a horse race using a carriage. Of course, the chariot has a smaller size than the chariot of the Roman era. Harness is more popular in Canada and some areas of Europe. Countries in the world that are famous for their horse racing are: America, England, France, Japan, Saudi Arabia. This country has a horse race that is quite famous in the world and is usually a meeting place for the best and toughest horses.
Indonesia since the 7 th century AD has known horses as a means of public transportation and combat. The ancient Kutai and Mataram kingdoms are also alleged to have used horses. Not spared from the spread of Islam until the Soekarno regime, the horse remained the main mount. The impression of valor with authority when a leader rides a horse is so strong, that self-esteem seems to soar up (increase). The use of horses is not only as a means of public transportation and combat vehicles. On the other hand, horse racing was loved by kings and rulers. As well as interesting entertainment for the general public. Initially horse racing was held in the desert, agricultural land, or in the forest, there was no special arena for horse racing.
The region of Aceh Province also has horse racing venues, namely in the districts of Central Aceh, Bener Meriah District and Gayo Lues District. In Gayo land, especially in Central Aceh Regency, the implementation of traditional horse racing has become legendary, and based on the records of several figures, this is the type of sport that invites the most masses of people, because it is popular in multi-dimensional (all circles), horse racing parties are attended by people from all walks of life. children, teenagers, parents, even local officials do not escape being fans of horse racing, whether purely as a sporting spectacle, not a few also make the tradition of horse racing a prestige and pride, in addition to preserving the culture and wealth of the region.
The horse race itself, after often being held after harvesting rice in the city, there are various village points that use their land to become an arena for the horse race. Such as in the Bintang area, precisely on the shores of the freshwater lake which is a racing arena itself, then in the Pegasing area in a broad flat valley which is now known as the Blang Bebangka field (Mardhatillah, 2019). Gayo horse racing in Central Aceh district is one of the traditions and culture of the Gayo community that has existed for a long time which shows unique attractions and little jockeys riding bareback horses.
One thing that is phenomenal and has become its own specialty for the Gayo community is in the horse racing tradition. Horse racing has become a Gayo cultural tradition because this kudu race is a hereditary heritage from ancestors in antiquity. Gayo Lues. Horse racing competitions are held traditionally where a jockey is not allowed to use protective equipment such as helmets, shoes and saddles, jockeys who take part in the competition must be a reliable jockey who has been practicing for a long time which here they must have balance, strength, and endurance. What is more interesting is that the participants who take part in the competition are on average around 11 to 15 years old, where this clilik jockey is able to balance an adult jockey aged 18 and over (Fitri, 2018).
The little jockeys in Takengon have been training since they were young with such great willpower and without any fear of things that could harm them, and in Takengon itself there are many reliable little jockeys as well as former little jockeys who have the soul or ability to spur Horse (racing) at high speed. Takengon is a very suitable and good place to look for reliable jockey seeds to race at the national and even international level. Based on the above, the author is interested in seeing and studying in greater depth the tradition of horse racing in Bumi Gayo and the motivation for horse riders by raising the title of the study: Jockey's Interests in Traditional Horse Racing Sports Championships in Central Aceh District

Definition of Jockey Interest
Interest is a strong and deep concern accompanied by feelings of pleasure towards an activity so that it directs someone to carry out the activity on their own volition (Zusnani: 2013) in Kambuaya (2015). Individual interest is defined as a deep interest in a field or activity that arises based on existing knowledge, emotions, personal experiences (Ainley, 2002), and is a desire from within to understand so as to give rise to new experiences.
Hakim (in Simbolon, 2014:15) Interest is basically a special concern. Interest can arise from the outside or the heart. A great interest in something is a significant capital to achieve or obtain the desired goal. A child who has a high interest will always give full attention in his efforts to achieve learning goals (Dinar and Gatot, 2015).
Interest is basically the acceptance of a relationship between oneself and something outside oneself. The stronger or closer the relationship, the greater the interest. Interest is not only expressed through statements indicating that students prefer something over others, but can also be implemented through active participation in an activity (Kusuma and Heny, 2016).
Interest in sport has an important role and a positive impact that gives satisfaction to students one's self to achieve physical potential and spiritual potential. Embodiment of potential physical health is physical health that is free from disease. Spiritual health can indicated by the feeling of pleasure and happiness when doing activities sport. Interest adds excitement to every activity a person engages in. The joy of sports activities, self-satisfaction, and personal well-being make a person able to express himself so that happiness can be achieved or it can be said to have good psychological well being. (Utami and Erwin, 2019).
Interest in sports can arise due to intrinsic factors or factors that come from a person and arise due to extrinsic factors, namely factors that cause interest from outside a person. Interest develops because of the urge to be directly related or involved in an object or activity. The urge to be involved in learning physical education in sports and health, as well as trying to get physical health education so that it can be fulfilled in oneself. (Daya, et al, 2020).

Horse Racing
The tradition of horse racing in Gayo is believed to have been carried out hundreds of years ago, around the 1850s. It was first introduced in the Kampung Bintang area which has now become the Bintang District. Kampung Bintang is located in the East KM part of the city of Takengon or located on the edge of Lake Lut Tawar. The horse racing route at that time was only 1.5 KM by taking the route from the Wikip area to Mene. This area was called the Bintang Sands. Pacu Kude in Central Aceh during the Dutch colonial era has also begun, precisely in the Pante Mene area, Bintang sub-district. This tradition then continued until the Japanese era. Pacu kude is held when the community has finished harvesting rice near the beach. The horses are raced on the freshwater lake water, the horse that comes out of the water at the time of the race is declared defeated. This was done continuously until after independence, it was carried out to commemorate independence day 17 August 1945.
Based on AR records. Hakim Aman Pinan (2011) in his book "Pesona Tanoh Gayo" mentions: precisely in 1962 the Dutch Colonial Government saw Pacu Kude as a media that unites the people, then they moved Pacu Kude in Takengon City, precisely in Blang Kolak which is now called Musara Field. square. The Pacu Kude event organized by the Dutch Colonial was associated with Queen Wilhelmina's birthday so that the competition would be lively, the colonial government provided the cost of eating horses, prizes and certificates to the champions. The tradition of giving gifts continues to this day. The system and rules in Blang Kolak have also changed, the Pacuan arena is made oval with a fence made of inflammation (rattan). The jockeys who previously rode bare-chested horses, in the Blang Kolak racetrack, the jockeys were given colorful clothes. Then, the horses that are allowed to compete are not only from Bintang, but also horses from all over the Takengon area and other areas. Along with its development, the Horse Race has also become an annual event in the other two districts at the initiative of the Bener Meriah and Gayo Lues District Governments.
Horse racing was originally just a fun activity for village youths in Gayo, especially in Bintang and around the settlements around Lake Laut Tawar, after the rice harvest season around Lake Laut Tawar. It is the habit of young people to catch a wandering horse with a scabbard without the knowledge of its owner and spur it on. When driving, sometimes in unison with youth groups from other villages, who do the same thing. Then there was a social interaction, where the jockeys from each village agreed to hold a horse racing competition between the villages without a prize for the winner. Unconsciously, finally since the early 1930s, this activity has turned into an annual tradition involving several villages (Rusdi, 2011).
Horse Racing in the Gayo Highlands is full of traditions passed down by previous predecessors. Some of these values are still maintained and cared for by the Gayo community. No wonder the Horse Racing in Gayo is very different from other areas. The Horse Racing in Gayo Land as a grand event is very popular with the public, because this event brings many people, especially from the villages outside who come and stay at the house of their relatives. This is because the activity during the horse racing activity lasts for seven days and does not stop from morning until the next day. The activity in the morning starts at 08.88 to 09.00 which is specifically intended for school children, even though the school is not on holiday, but match activities are made, which are placed at the Regent's office (Rusdi, 2011).
In horse racing in Indonesia, the division of classes according to racing regulations and instructions for the implementation of the national horse racing championship is divided by age and based on shoulder height (Pordasi, 2003). Kuda Pacu Indonesia has many classes, including: Beginner, Prime, Youth, Maeden Class, Handicap and Derby. The Derby class is a 4 year old horse racing class. This class is a prestigious class because it is an event before the horse reaches adulthood and is included in the racehorse category based on age. (Ashril, 2015).

Jockey in the Horse Racing Sports Championship
Sports are all systematic activities to encourage, foster, and develop physical, spiritual and social potential. The jockey in horse racing is a professionalwho is an expert in racing horses, both in training (exercise) and in racing. As a racehorse, a jockey must know and master all provisions relating to his status, functions, obligations and duties. Pordasi (2003: 25-46) limits the provisions of the jockey as follows: a. A jockey must have a jockey license from the racing commission b. Ownership of a license must be accompanied by a doctor's certificate stating that the jockey in question is physically and mentally healthy. c. A jockey must know and master all provisions relating to status, functions and obligations and duties d. The age of the jockey must not be less than 18 years e. A jockey is recruited by a trainer who is obliged to foster, guide and foster and improve his technical abilities and is responsible for his welfare.
f. Jockeys should as much as possible have the required racing equipment to participate in the racing event g. A jockey is not allowed to own a racehorse h. A jockey is required to always look good, neat and orderly and must not get drunk or use drugs i. A jockey must not behave that can cause trouble or be involved in a fight both inside and outside the racetrack j. A jockey is prohibited from betting or asking others to bet for him personally k. A jockey is prohibited from receiving any orders, requests, promises or gifts from anyone, including the trainers themselves related to attempts to manipulate the way of racing so that the results of the race will be in accordance with what is desired by the giver of the promise order and others. l. A jockey cannot fight while riding a horse m. A jockey can carry out his profession without being tied to a trainer (freelance) n. A jockey is not allowed to carry extra weight o. At the starting place the jockey must comply with the starter's orders otherwise it can be disqualified. p. Jockeys are prohibited from using a whip up to a distance of 50 M and must stabilize the horse's stride and straighten its direction without cutting left and right, otherwise it will be punished q. A jockey is prohibited from taking another route if the distance of the opponent's horse to be passed has not reached 2 horse lengths r. A jockey who wants to be passed must maintain his race track and is not allowed to cut the path of horses coming from behind s. A jockey must spur his horse without trying to disturb other horses t. A jockey must spur his horse according to the horse's ability, if it is known to exceed the horse's ability, a jockey will be punished. u. A jockey who falls before the finish line whether intentionally or not, the horse he is riding is declared to be in the last finish v. A victorious jockey must not dismount from his horse before being permitted by the steward w. The one who takes off the saddle must be the jockey in question x. If a jockey is disturbed, he must file a protest with the steward in charge of the winning box.
The attributes used by racehorses and jockeys are already concerned about safety. Racehorses are given decorations made of wool yarn and other materials, here are some of the attributes used by racehorses are as follows (Asidah, 2020): 1. The attribute jombe is made of rope (wool thread) attached to various kinds of knick-knacks and mounted on the horse's face and neck.
2. Button rope is a rope that is tied and installed in the horse's mouth and used at the time of release. 3. Kili is a wire made in the form of a figure eight as a connector for the control rope with the existing chain installed in the horse's mouth. 4. Lapek is a seat for the jockey that is placed on the horse's back and is made of reeds and or dried banana leaves. Likewise, the attributes used by jockeys are also considered with the aim of maintaining the safety of the jockeys. Here are some of the attributes used by jockeys. 1. Helmet is used as head protection and serves as to reduce injury from jockeys if they fall. 2. Long-sleeved shirt and long pants. 3. The helmet is used as a head covering before wearing a helmet. 4. Whips are usually made of rattan wood. 5. Tire shirt (vest) which has a number as the serial number of the horse.

Types of Research
This study used quantitative research with a qualitative research approach

Sample of Research
The sample in this study is all jockey with amount 30 kids.

Data Collection Techniques
To obtain accurate and objective data about the data needed in this study, the authors determine field research research techniques using the following steps: a. Observation To obtain the information and data needed in this study, the researcher used participant observation techniques.
Where in this study the author was directly involved in the activities of the horse racing championship in Central Aceh district. b. Interview The author uses interview guidelines as a data collection technique by directly interviewing jockeys and horse owners as well as resource persons relevant to this study. c. Questionnaire According to Faisal (1999:122), he explained that the questionnaire as a data collection tool was shown to the subject or research respondent. Which contains questions about the interests of the jockey. From the results of the questionnaire, the author will get data about the extent of the Jockey's Interest in Traditional Horse Racing in Central Aceh Regency. d. Documentation is the collection of important data or archives needed for this research. The author can review (Cross Check) the answers from respondents through interviews with horse owners, horse lovers and other adult jockeys. The author also presents the indicators that will be tested in this study. These indicators are to facilitate the author in conducting research later and processing the final data. The authors present the indicators as follows.

Research Instruments
To obtain accurate and objective data about the data needed in this study. The instruments used are Observation guidelines, Interview guide, Camera, and Recording device.

Data Collection Technique
In accordance with the problem posed, in this study a descriptive method will be used. Where the method can develop and interpret data, events and events and symptoms (phenomena) that exist in the present. Data analysis method used in this research is statistical method. Data processing is one of the most important steps in research, especially in drawing conclusions from research results.
After all the data has been collected, the next step is processing and analyzing the data through statistical calculations using the percentage formula Arikunto, (1998: 53), namely: P = x 100 % Descriptions: P = Percentage F = Frequency N = Total Population 100% = Fixed number.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A series of research implementations that have been carried out on jockeys in traditional horse racing in Central Aceh Regency in 2012 concerning Jockey's Interest in Traditional Horse Racing Sports Championships in Central Aceh Regency in 2012. The results obtained through filling out a questionnaire given to each jockey or research sample in tabulated into a table to facilitate the processing and discussion in order to formulate conclusions in accordance with the expected research objectives. There were 30 questionnaires circulated with 40 questions. Researchers circulated the questionnaire from July 7, 2012 to July 10, 2012. Based on the results of taking the questionnaire, it can be said that it was very good, because 100% of all questionnaires were accepted and all were in good condition. The results of the discussion of the interest in horse racing jockeys can be seen in Table 1 below. The average obtained from this indicator is 90% From this analysis, it can be explained that most of the jockey's finances improve when the horse race takes place, especially the jockeys who are reliable and can win and only a small part are not.

9
The gambling in the traditional Takengon horse race The average obtained from this indicator is 100% From this analysis, it is explained that in horse racing, it cannot be separated from gambling and even this horse racing sport for the outside world, the city's income is from gambling.
Based on Table 1, it shows that the interest of the Jockeys towards the Traditional Horse Racing Sports Championship in Central Aceh Regency in 2012 is said to be high based on the questions in points 5 and 6 which state that 100% of the jockeys are very interested in traditional horse racing sports championships in Central Aceh Regency. Although the jockey's interest in horse riding is high, there are still some jockeys who feel excessive worry and fear of failure. Fear or anxiety that exceeds the control threshold of a person (the jockey) results in loss of concentration and actually decreases his ability. Therefore, the spirit and participation of the family is needed (Aulia, 2019).
Based on the average value of the indicators above, it can be concluded that the average jockey or 90% is very fond of and looking forward to the day the horse racing is held. The high interest of jockeys for traditional horse racing sports championships in Central Aceh district is due to the so much support from every group, namely the family, the government and the opportunity to compete with fellow jockeys, even without the support of their families, these jockeys are still active when it comes to matters relating to sports. especially when it's time to organize a horse race, these jockeys practice more and more and are so excited. This is in line with the statement of Effendi and Praja, (1993:72) Interest can be generated by: a. Generating a need b. Connecting with past experiences c. Provide opportunities for better results.
The interest of jockeys in horse racing is strongly supported by parental participation considering that the jockeys who participate in horse racing are still children. There is a sense of concern for parents for their children who are still classified as student age. However, parents support their children's interest in becoming jockeys. This is because the role of parents in supporting their children's interests is very large in order to achieve certain goals, especially in the field of sports. This is in line with research conducted by Armi (2015) which states that parental participation in children's interest in sports is evidenced by when children are lazy to exercise, parents must remind them to exercise with a percentage (47.62%) because it will encourage children's interest in exercising.
Interest will not just arise in a person, but interest is concerned with the existence of elements of need (Djaali, 2011) in Riza (2018). Therefore, interest can affect a person's willingness by connecting the needs to the goals to be achieved by someone.
In realizing interest in an activity, parental participation is needed, especially for children who like to exercise. This is in accordance with research conducted by Armi (2015) who conducted research on parental participation in children's interest in sports in Singkil District, Aceh Singkil District. The results showed that parental participation in children's interest in sports in Singkil district, Aceh Singkil district was high, only in certain parts such as the provision of special facilities or places in carrying out sports activities that parents could not fulfill because these special facilities or places required large costs.
A person who is interested in becoming a jockey mostly owns a racehorse and becomes a jockey only by self-taught or hearing the experience of riding from previous jockeys who may also learn it self-taught not by teaching how to ride a horse (Nangoy: 2017).
A child who becomes a jockey will be able to develop his interest in sports if he is in direct contact with the outside environment. Playing outside and engaging with the natural environment gives children the opportunity to discover their nature as the essence of life (Sinif et al., 2015). The findings of the study explain that adults must respect and give space for children, to play, imagine, and socialize with their environment. When adults reduce the time and play space for children, it will have implications for damaging the health and happiness of children (Elena Nitecki, 2016). A study in Australia explains the importance of providing examples and environmental knowledge to children, especially boys, to increase empathy and instill a sense of responsibility for the care and protection of animals (Coorey & Coorey-ewings, 2018). Other research confirms that by giving children the freedom to roam the surroundings can improve higher learning outcomes (Khasanah et. al.,2017). Traditional games can be a means of transforming environmental education and social education for children (Yazici, 2015;Dinanthompson et al., 2014). Traditional games fall into the outdoor category. Outdoor games have the function of enriching, stimulating, and offering a challenging playing experience to meet children's development needs.
Horse riding is a sport that has been in demand by the public for a long time, especially among the nobility, but along with the development of the era, equestrian sports began to be staged both on a national and international scale. (Pintono: 2019). Horse riding is an extreme sport which if the jockey is playing around, it will be difficult to follow. In addition, horses are also animals that change frequently because they are basically living creatures. So a jockey in managing and learning to ride it requires extra patience (Rsumana: 2019). Horse riding can train selfconfidence, patience, and discipline as well as train in interacting with other living creatures (Syaputra: 2021).
Basically, the traditional Gayo horse racing competition which is held in Bener Meriah, Central Aceh is the main goal not only to win on the horse racing field, but the most important thing is to strive to achieve a good victory, and compete in a healthy manner. Competition and competition is a social process in human life, both individual and group. Competition for profit without the use of threats or violence.
One of the traditional Indonesian games is horse racing. Some research results report that one of the benefits of playing horse can help physical activity to improve morotic, psychological, and social physical well-being for children with special needs (Voznesensky et al.,2016). Another function of the horse racing game is to provide support for animal-based therapeutic interventions (horses) for children with autism spectrum disorder (Borgi et. al.,2016). In addition to having benefits for children's motor development.
According to Ihlas (2019), in traditional horse racing games, one of the decisive components is the Jockey. As great as any type and stature of a horse that will be contested, then it will not be able to become a champion if the seat does not have skills. The unique portrait of horse racing games in the Dompu tribe is children who become jockeys or riders, whose ages range from 5 to 11 years. To become young jockeys they are born from various family backgrounds.
Horse racing is one of the traditional games. Traditional games have original regional characteristics in accordance with the cultural traditions of the local community. Traditional games in their implementation are always related to the natural environment, so they have positive benefits and help children to get to know and socialize with the surrounding environment (Bento & Dias, 2017).
For children who become jockeys in horse racing competitions, it is a pride that is felt by the jockeys and their families, because not everyone can have the opportunity to play a direct role in the horse racing competitions that are held, so the jockeys compete with other jockeys to be elected. become a jockey in a race to bring the good name of the horse owner and his native region (Arima:2021).
Children who become horse racing jockeys participate in horse racing competitions due to economic factors. Economically, the horse racing tradition is one of the nonformal "institutions" that can move the Bener Meriah community in order to meet the needs of life. Many job opportunities are offered in this tradition such as horse feed forage services, renting out accommodation, income for participants, tourist dance destinations for the Bener Meriah government and a forum for trading for the Gayo community. In the horse racing field, there are also many types of merchandise that promote the Gayo people's crafts such as Gayo Kerawang which is carved in the form of bags, clothes and so on. Do not miss the Gayo coffee powder as the leading agricultural product of the Gayo community (Pintenate: 2017).
A child who has become a professional jockey, so he doesn't feel worried during practice or during matches. Because horse racing jockeys were less likely to fall during a race and more likely to ride a winner than jockeys with shorter careers, indicating that they ride more safely and more successfully than their counterparts. However, those with longer careers had a higher total number of falls and the rate of loss of jockeys with more than two falls over the length of their career was low. This indicates that falling (and the cumulative frequency thereof) may not be a driver of career longevity and performance for at racing jockeys. In addition, the lack of association between time or number of rides until the first fall or win of a jockey and between their last fall or win and the end of their career indicates that neither falling nor winning was a driving factor for career length (Legg, 2020).
Horse racing games besides being a means of entertainment for the people of the Aceh tribe, also have the value of environmental education which is transformed to the jockey. Children acquire the skills, abilities and understanding of their culture and environment (Batsaikhan & Kaye: 2017).

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of the research obtained, it can be concluded that: 1. The Jockey's Interest in Traditional Horse Racing Sports Championships in Central Aceh Regency in 2012 is very high with a percentage of 100%. This is proven by the data that has been collected from the results of distributing questionnaires and interviews, as well as observations that have been made in the field. 2. Observations made in the field also prove that there is so much support from various parties or circles for the jockeys, as well as the motivation and persistence shown by the horse racing jockeys, so seriousness, focus and persistence in completing track after track in traditional horse racing arenas in Aceh can be seen. this middle. The sadness and joy that appears from each jockey clearly shows that horse racing has become a hobby and passion that cannot be separated from the jockeys. Even the disappointment and joy experienced by the jockeys were also felt by the families, as well as relatives who witnessed these jockeys, who raced barefoot (tools). That is the inner bond that parents and families feel with the jockeys.