The Effects of Zigzag Ladder Exercise Crossover Shuffle, In Out Shuffle and Ali Shuffle Against Speed and Agility

In carrying out an exercise there is a physical condition of some components that can not be separated, both the improvement and maintenance. The main purpose of preparing physically in training is to increase the functional potential of athletes and develop biomotoric abilities to the highest standards. The development of physical training in each exercise program is carried out through general physical stages, special physical preparation and building a high level of biomotor ability (Bompa 2009: 61). The components of physical condition in question are strength, endurance, explosive power, speed, flexibility, agility, accuracy, reaction, balance, and coordination.


INTRODUCTION
In carrying out an exercise there is a physical condition of some components that can not be separated, both the improvement and maintenance. The main purpose of preparing physically in training is to increase the functional potential of athletes and develop biomotoric abilities to the highest standards. The development of physical training in each exercise program is carried out through general physical stages, special physical preparation and building a high level of biomotor ability (Bompa 2009: 61). The components of physical condition in question are strength, endurance, explosive power, speed, flexibility, agility, accuracy, reaction, balance, and coordination.
Based on the components of these physical conditions, cornered researchers focus on the components of speed and agility. Because it is an element of physical training that cannot be separated and is very much needed in many sports. According to Ratamess (2012), speed is the ability to make similar movements in a row in the shortest possible time. Hidayat (2014), said that speed is the capacity of movement of a limb or part of the body lever system or the speed of movement of the whole body which is carried out in a short time. While Agility is the ability to move direction and change body position quickly and effectively and under control, and requires integrity of movement skills by using a combination of balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, strength, endurance, and stamina (Sheppard & Young) in Hsiu-Ching , and Yee-Pay, (2012). Agility is not a single physical ability, but is composed of components of balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, strength, endurance, and stamina. These components interact with each other. An athlete's agility in changing body movements quickly is a basic component in team or team sports such as futsal and soccer. Because during the match, players perform movements such as running and change direction of movement quickly both in dribbling the ball and blocking the enemy's movements, (Milanovic et al. 2011).
In recent years as the development of the sporting world has developed a form of training method known as a ladder drill. Ladder drill is a form of training used to train SAQ (Speed, Agility, and quickness) involving progressive prescription training to develop an athlete's ability to be more skilled at faster and more precise speeds. Speed, agility, and quickness exercises allow athletes to better react to stimuli, start faster and more efficiently, move effectively in various directions, and change directions or stop quickly to make an action in a fast, smooth, efficient, and repeatedly (Polman et al., 2009: 495). has become a popular way to train athletes' physical components especially agility. With increasing needs, this type of training has been proven to improve one's abilities in a variety of sports.
This exercise uses a tool called a ladder, this tool is shaped like a ladder containing ladder boxes, this box will later be used as a footrest. Ladder training allows coaches and players to be imaginative and this exercise can also have a pleasant effect (Srinivasan, 2013: p.15). This training starts with general development to the development of sophisticated skills, from a variety of small movements, faster movements. Given the working principle of slow and controlled movements and moving quickly, explosive movements that are used as development teaching and learning will have a greater chance of success (Rajendran, 2016. p.99). ). Ladder drill is better done early after warming up, when the muscles have not experienced significant exhaustion or are still fresh in order to carry out good quality movements (Khatri, 2015: p.1). Kathri (2015) also added that there are 4 basic skills that are used when training with stairs or ladderdrill, namely running, passing, shuffle and jumping / hops (Kathri, p.1). kind, shuffle such as zigzag crossover shuffe, In-out shuffle and Ali shuffle This exercise can increase speed and agility, this is in accordance with the opinion of Dhanaraj (2014), suggesting that ladder training has a significant effect in increasing speed and agility.
Especially for male students of SMP Negeri 1 Bungah who take part in extracurricular activities the majority prefers sports branches that require speed and agility such as soccer, futsal, and athletics in the run number. Based on the observations of researchers and observations from several sports that have been followed by students for example, such as national student sports (O2sn) Olympiad activities at the district level include athletics in 100 meter running numbers and the Indonesian student league (Lpi) category of football in all districts, that junior high school students Negeri 1 Bungah who took part in this extracurricular activity had the potential to achieve an achievement, but the students' physical work abilities were not optimal due to lack of physical training, they were never even given training methods to improve physical abilities. So training to improve physical condition is very important to achieve the best performance in an achievement. Of all the sports that students take in extracurricular activities, that the more dominant ones to be improved are speed and agility.
Based on the background description above, the researcher wants to provide an alternative exercise in the form of a Ladder drill training program, to improve physical conditions, especially in increasing speed and agility in accordance with the needs of sports extracurricular activities participated by male students of SMP Negeri 1 Bungah. This program has not been trained and carried out. On this basis, the writer is interested and motivated to want to conduct research that focuses on speed and agility using Zigzag crossover shuffe ladder drill, In-out shuffle and Ali shuffle researchers want to study and analyze whether the exercise is able to increase the speed and agility of junior high school students Land 1 Bungah.

METHODS
This type of research uses a quantitative approach. The research method used was quasi-experimental. Experimental research is research conducted strictly to determine the causal relationship between variables (Maksum, 2012: 65). Experiment is a type of research in which the sample or object of research is given a treatment to determine the cause and effect between variables. This study aims to determine the effect of zigzag ladder crossover shuffle, in out shuffle and ali shuffle exercises on increasing speed and agility.

Population and Samples
The population in this study were all male students of class VIII and IX of SMP Negeri 1 Bungah who were actively registered in sports extracurricular activities. In this study the sample was class VIII and IX students of SMP Negeri 1 Bungah who were actively registered in sports extracurricular activities by 32 people. Research Instruments

Treatment Instruments
The data in this study were obtained from the results of tests and measurements made on the study sample. Components of tests and measurements carried out in this study are: speed test, and agility test. The speed test uses a 30 meter sprint test, and the agility test uses a T-test.

Data Analysis
To analyze the acquisition of data about training using agility and speed tests. Then the test results will be recorded and calculated using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test with α = 0.05 (Maksum, 2012, p.161).
To meet the assumptions in the ANOVA technique, a Normality and Homogeneity test was performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 application.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter will describe the data description, the terms of hypothesis testing and the results of hypothesis testing. Description of the data presented in the form of pre-test and post-test results were given treatment in each experimental group, the data included data on the results of agility and speed tests. While the experimental groups in this study include: Group I Ladder Zigzag Crossover Shuffle, Group II Ladder In-Out Shuffle, Group III Ladder Ali Shuffle and Group IV control. This research was conducted on students who took extracurricular activities at SMPN 1 Bungah with 32 students divided into 4 groups.

Experiment Group I Data Description (Ladder Zigzag Crossover Shuffle)
Based on the results of measurements in the experimental group I can be seen that there is an increase in the mean value between pretest and posttest on the dependent variable. This is evident from the average posttest and pretest mean values. Where can be seen that the average value for the speed of the posttest measurement results (36.49 sec), this looks faster than the results of the pretest measurement (42.79 sec) and the agility of the posttest measurement results (96.07 sec), this looks faster compared to the results of the pretest measurement of (101.92 sec). In giving treatment to group I can be illustrated in the following diagram: Figure 1. Diagram results of a Zigzag crossover shuffle ladder drill

Description of Experiment Group II data (Ladder In-Out Shuffle)
Based on the results of measurements in the experimental group II can be seen that there is an increase in the mean value between pretest and posttest on the dependent variable. This is evident from the average posttest and pretest mean values. Where can be seen that the average value for the speed of the posttest measurement results (35.95 sec), this looks faster than the results of the pretest measurement (42.88 sec) and the agility of the posttest measurement results of (95.1 sec), this looks faster compared to the results of the pretest measurement of (102.15 sec). In giving treatment to group I can be illustrated in the following diagram: Figure 2. Diagram of the results of a ladder drill drill out shuffle

Description of Experiment Group III Data (Ladder Ali Shuffle)
Based on the results of measurements in the experimental group III it can be seen that there is an increase in the mean value between pretest and posttest on the dependent variable. This is evident from the average posttest and pretest mean values. Where can be seen that the average value for the speed of the posttest measurement results (35.89 sec), this looks faster than the results of the pretest measurement (42.8 sec) and the agility of the posttest measurement results of (95.39 sec), this looks faster compared to the results of the pretest measurement of (102.11 sec). In giving treatment to group I can be illustrated in the following diagram: Figure 3. Diagram of the Ali shuffle Ladder drill results

Description of Group IV Data (Control Group)
Based on the results of measurements in the experimental group III it can be seen that there is an increase in the mean value bteween pretest and posttest on the dependent variable. This is evident from the average posttest and pretest mean values. Where can be seen that the average value for the speed of the posttest measurement results (42.3 sec), this looks faster than the results of the pretest measurement (43.22 sec) and the agility of the posttest measurement results (100.29 sec), this looks faster compared to the results of the pretest measurement of (101.24 sec). In giving treatment to group I can be illustrated in the following diagram:  From the above table, it can be seen that the provision of the Ladder drill in out shuffle training in the experimental group II turned out to provide the best speed and agility improvement than the other three groups, namely group I Zig zag ladder drill crossover shuffle, Ali shuffle and control group III. For the average results of the experimental group can be illustrated in the diagram as follows:

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion that has been described in the previous chapter, it can be summarized as follows: 1. There is a significant effect on Slaloms ladder drill training on speed and agility.
2. There is a significant effect on Carioca's ladder drill training on speed and agility.
3. There is a difference in effect between the Slaloms ladder drill and the Carioca ladder drill on increasing speed.
4. There is no difference in effect between the Slaloms ladder drill and the Carioca ladder drill on increasing agility.