Analisis Komparatif Penerapan Bioteknologi pada Padi dan Jagung di Indonesia Periode 2020–2025

Authors

  • Tsamarah Nur Rahmah Universitas Teuku Umar
  • Dwi Wahyuni Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang
  • Hanifa Rahmah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29103/ag.v10i2.24174

Keywords:

Biotechnology, rice, corn, food crops

Abstract

Biotechnology plays a crucial role in addressing food security by enhancing production yields, optimizing the use of marginal land, and improving resistance to pests and diseases. However, the development of agricultural biotechnology research in Indonesia still lags significantly behind other countries. This study presents comparative information on biotechnology approaches applied to rice and corn variety development in Indonesia. The Narrative Literature Review (NLR) method was used, compiling secondary literature (journal articles/books) indexed in Google Scholar from 2020 to 2025 and integrating information on related topics through descriptive analysis. The study revealed that the application of biotechnology to rice variety development is more varied than to corn varieties. However, the application of biotechnology shares the same priority goal: producing superior rice and corn varieties in various aspects of the environment, quality, and durability. Complex policies, limited resources, and social accessibility are the main challenges facing biotechnology development in Indonesia.

References

Amalia, Firma Nabilla, Sinta Nur Hidayanti, and Ibrahim Sa’id. 2023. “Pengaruh Rekayasa Genetika Pada Produktivitas Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays) Transgenik.” Jurnal Pertanian Pat Petulai 1(1):37–44.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2024. “Luas Panen Dan Produksi Jagung 2024 (Angka Sementara).” 2024(75).

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jambi. 2025. “Luas Panen Dan Produksi Padi Di Provinsi Jambi 2024 (Angka Tetap).” Berita Resmi Statistik 2023(14):1–20.

Bekalu, Zelalem Eshetu, Michael Panting, Inger Bæksted Holme, and Henrik Brinch-Pedersen. 2023. “Opportunities and Challenges of In Vitro Tissue Culture Systems in the Era of Crop Genome Editing.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(15). doi:10.3390/ijms241511920.

Elvinasari, Cici Artanti, Wardhana Wardhana, and Ahmad Riza. 2022. “Perencanaan Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi Pada Bidang Pertanian Di Kutai Barat.” Jurnal Totem : Architecture, Environment, Region and Local Wisdom 3(1):46. doi:10.31293/ttm.v3i1.6240.

Fanata, Wahyu Indra Duwi, and Dalliyah Hadrotul Qudsiyah. 2020. “BIOTEKNOLOGI & BIOSAINS INDONESIA DAYA REGENERASI KALUS DAN TUNAS IN VITRO PADI VARIETAS TARABAS PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI 2,4-D In Vitro Callus and Plant Regeneration Rate of Tarabas Rice on Several Concentrations of 2,4-D.” J Bioteknologi Dan Biosains Indonesia 7(2):250–58.

Fatimah, Fatimah, Joko Prasetiyono, and Sustiprijatno Sustiprijatno. 2020. “Teknologi Piramida Gen Tanaman Padi Dalam Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim Global.” Berita Biologi 19(3B). doi:10.14203/beritabiologi.v19i3b.3833.

Gregory, Ann T., and A. Robert Denniss. 2018. “An Introduction to Writing Narrative and Systematic Reviews — Tasks, Tips and Traps for Aspiring Authors.” Heart Lung and Circulation 27(7):893–98. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.027.

Ishak, Ishak, and Florean Fedora. 2024. “Selection of Rice Aroma from Crossing Aromatic Rice x T250.7 Mutant Genotype Using DNA Marker.” Biodiversitas 25(5):2191–97. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d250537.

Kalqutny, Hary Septian, Syahrir Pakki, and Amran Muis. 2020. “AGROSAINSTEK Potensi Pemanfaatan Teknik Molekuler Berbasis DNA Dalam The Potential Use of DNA Based Molecular Techniques in The Study of Maize Downy Mildew.” Agrosaintek 4(1):17–27.

Karim, Harli A., M. Yasin HG, Hasanuddin Kandatong, Hasan Hasan, Hikmahwati Hikmahwati, and Fitrianti Fitrianti. 2020. “Uji Produktivitas Berbagai Varietas Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Hibrida Dan Non Hibrida Yang Sesuai Pada Agroekosistem Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.” AGROVITAL : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 5(1):25. doi:10.35329/agrovital.v5i1.635.

Ma, Xiaoding, Hao Wang, Shengyang Wu, Bing Han, Di Cui, Jin Liu, Qiang Zhang, Xiuzhong Xia, Peng Song, Cuifeng Tang, Leiyue Geng, Yaolong Yang, Shen Yan, Kunneng Zhou, and Longzhi Han. 2024. “DeepCCR: Large-Scale Genomics-Based Deep Learning Method for Improving Rice Breeding.” Plant Biotechnology Journal 22(10):2691–93. doi:10.1111/pbi.14384.

Nugroho, S., D. I. Sari, F. Zahra, S. Rachmawati, B. S. Maulana, and A. Estiati. 2021. “Resistant Performance of T10 Rojolele Transgenic Rice Events Harboring Cry1B::Cry1Aa Fusion Genes against the Rice Yellow Stem Borer Scirpophaga Incertulas Wlk.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 762(1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/762/1/012067.

Oyinkanola, L. O. A., O. A. Aremu, J. A. Fajemiroye, and S. O. Makinde. 2023. “On the Physical Significance and Di-Electric Response of Castor Oil Processed in Nigeria as Transformer Insulating Fluid.” VIII(2454):60–66. doi:10.51584/IJRIAS.

Rahardja, Viryanando Evan, Made Pharmawati, and Ni Made Gari. 2022. “ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK VARIETAS JAGUNG (Zea Mays L.) HIBRIDA MENGGUNAKAN MARKA RAPD (RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA).” Simbiosis 10(2):223. doi:10.24843/jsimbiosis.2022.v10.i02.p09.

Rahman, Defri, Sultani, and Samnil Astuti Fitri. 2024. “Pembangunan Pertanian Untuk Ketahanan Pangan Dan Gizi Keluarga Berbasis Kearifan Lokal.” Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research 4(4):4632–4543.

Rochdiani, Dini. 2022. “Dinamika Produksi Padi Kaitannya Dengan Ketahanan Pangan Di Indonesiarice Production Dynamics The Relationship With Food Security In Indonesia.” Prospek Agribisnis 45363:15–24.

Sakhidin, Rosi Widarawati, Risqa Naila Khusna Syarifah, Purwandaru Widyasunu Budi Prakoso, Hana Hanifa, Wilis Cahyani Sapto Nugroho Hadi, Ida Widiyawati, Ahmad Fauzi, Purwanto Okti Herliana, Yugi R. Ahadiyat, Prita Sari Dewi, Kharisun Rama Adi Pratama, Ni Wayan Anik Leana, Agus Sarjito, Dyah Susanti Lafi Na’imatul Bayyinah, Suprayogi, Loekas Soesanto Totok Agung Dwi Haryanto, Agus Riyanto, Mustaufik Endang Mugiastuti, Abdul Manan, Ruth Feti Rahayuniati, Sarno Arief Sudarmaji, Furqon, Ali Maksum, M. Aris Pujiyanto, Wahyu Adhi Saputro Muhamad Solekan, Dwi Putriana N. Kinding, Akhmad Rizqul Karim Indrawan Firdauzi, Fitri Amalinda Harahap, and dan Asikin Chalifah Rifki Andi Novia, Ulfah Nurdiani. 2024. Teknologi Pertanian Dalam Mendukung Pertanian Yang Maju Dan Berkelanjutan. Vol. 2.

Sari, Henny Puspita, Irfan Suliansyah, Aswaldi Anwar, and Indra Dwipa. 2023. “Kajian: Pengembangan Varietas Unggul Baru Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Lokal Melalui Iridasi Gamma.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23(1):910. doi:10.33087/jiubj.v23i1.3017.

Statistik, Badan Pusat. 2024. “Katalog: 5203036.” Luas Panen Dan Produksi Jagung Di Indonesia 2023 1.

Tasliah. 2021. “Pemanfaatan Markah Molekuler Untuk Pemuliaan Tanaman Padi.” Jurnal AgroBiogen 17(1):45–62.

Titi, Rahayu. 2023. “Report Name : Agricultural Biotechnology Annual - 2023.” United States Departement of Agriculture. Foreing Agricultural Service. (92):1–10.

Wardani, Friska, Khairuddin Khairuddin, and Rasyidah Rasyidah. 2023. “Analisis Isu Sosio-Saintifik Pada Buku Teks Biologi Sma Kelas Xii Materi Bioteknologi.” BIOEDUKASI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi) 14(1):39. doi:10.24127/bioedukasi.v14i1.7773.

Worldometer. 2025. Indonesia population berdasarkan data UNpopulation prospects: the 2024

revision [internet]. [diacu 2025 Juli 07]. Tersedia dari: https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/indonesiapopulation/.

Yudono, Hunggul, Setio Hadi, Dewi Retna Indrawati, Nining Wahyuningrum, Rahardyan Nugroho Adi, Agung Budi Supangat, Yonky Indrajaya, Pamungkas Buana Putra, Sigit Andy Cahyono, Agung Wahyu Nugroho, Tyas Mutiara Basuki, Endang Savitri, Tri Wira Yuwati, Budi Hadi Narendra, Markus Kudeng Sallata, Merryana Kiding Allo, and Achmad Rizal Bisjoe. 2022. “Toward Water, Energy, and Food Security in Rural Indonesia: A Review.” 1–25.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-31