Potensi rumput laut: Kajian komponen bioaktif dan pemanfaatannya sebagai pangan fungsional

Erniati Erniati, Fransiska Rungkat Zakaria, Endang Prangdimurti, Dede Robiatul Adawiyah

Abstract


Rumput laut merupakan sumber daya hayati yang sangat berlimpah di perairan Indonesia. Namun demikian pemanfaatannya untuk pengolahan produk pangan sangat terbatas, terutama untuk produk pangan fungsional. Rumput laut berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai produk pangan fungsional karena mengandung zat gizi dan komponen bioaktif yang berkhasiat untuk kesehatan. Rumput laut mengandung sejumlah komponen bioaktif seperti senyawa fenolik, pigmen alami, polisakarida sulfat, serat dan komponen bioaktif lainnya yang telah diteliti berkhasiat untuk kesehatan. Untuk dapat dikembangkan sebagai produk pangan fungsional, rumput laut yang digunakan harus bebas dari cemaran logam berat dan bahan pencemar lainnya, harus mengandung komponen bioaktif dan zat gizi yang tinggi sehingga harus ada penerapan standar penanaman dan penanganan pasca panen yang baik di tingkat petani rumput laut. Selain itu Proses pengolahan pangan yang diterapkan tidak merusak komponen bioaktif yang terkandung dalam rumput laut. Optimalisasi pengolahan rumput laut sebagai produk pangan fungsional merupakan alternative pemanfaatan potensi rumput laut Indonesia yang dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi rumput laut dan yang lebih penting dapat menyediaakan akses pangan sehat bagi masyarakat luas.

Seaweed is a living resource that is abundantly available in Indonesian water. However, its utilization in food processing is very limited, especially as functional food products. Seaweed has the potential to be developed as functional food products because it has nutrient and bioactive components that are beneficial for health. Seaweed has a number of bioactive components such as phenolic compound, natural pigment, polysaccharide sulphate, fiber and other bioactive components that has been studied to be advantageous for health. For a seaweed to be developed into functional food product, it must be free from heavy metal and other pollutant contamination, and must contain bioactive components and high nutrients, thus, a good cultivation and postharvest handling standard have to be applied in seaweed farmer level. Moreover, the food processing applied should not damage the bioactive component within the seaweed. Optimization of seaweed processing into functional food product is an alternative for seaweed potential utilization in Indonesia, which could improve the economic value of the seaweed, and more importantly it could provide access for healthy food for community.


Keywords


Rumput laut; Komponen bioaktif; Pangan fungsional

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29103/aa.v3i1.332

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