The Influence of Feeding Combination Silkworm (Tubifex sp.) with Commercial Feed on Growth Performance of Catfish (Clarias sp.)

Catfish (Clarias sp.) One commodity that has been developed. Catfish often have domestic and foreign markets, often exported in the form of whole (whole around), cut meat (fillet), without gills and entrails (whole gill gutet) and without a head (head less). (Muallah et al., 2019). The high production of catfish causes the demand for seeds to also increase. The demand for catfish seeds in the market is quite high, namely ± 500,000 heads in one week (Arief et al., 2014). The increasing demand for seeds requires business actors to increase the supply of seeds with good quality and quality (Amanta et al., 2015). Provision of fish seeds can be done through hatchery activities. Amanta et al., (2015) stated that hatchery activity is one of the successes in cultivation business. The rate of growth and survival of the seeds can be seen from the selection of the parent, the quality of the water and the feed given according to the nutritional needs of the fish seeds. Feed used for seed catfish include natural feed and commercial feed. Natural feed used is silk worms (Tubifex sp). The use of natural food in the form of 100% silk worms requires a large amount of capital in some catfish farmers (Madinawati et Acta Aquatica Aquatic Sciences Journal


Intoduction
Catfish (Clarias sp.) One commodity that has been developed. Catfish often have domestic and foreign markets, often exported in the form of whole (whole around), cut meat (fillet), without gills and entrails (whole gill gutet) and without a head (head less). (Muallah et al., 2019). The high production of catfish causes the demand for seeds to also increase. The demand for catfish seeds in the market is quite high, namely ± 500,000 heads in one week (Arief et al., 2014).
The increasing demand for seeds requires business actors to increase the supply of seeds with good quality and quality (Amanta et al., 2015). Provision of fish seeds can be done through hatchery activities. Amanta et al., (2015) stated that hatchery activity is one of the successes in cultivation business. The rate of growth and survival of the seeds can be seen from the selection of the parent, the quality of the water and the feed given according to the nutritional needs of the fish seeds.
According to Amanta et al., (2015), a combination of artificial feed and natural feed in order to create a balance of amino acids in the body of fish seeds, because amino acids come from animal and vegetable protein which will meet the amino acid needs needed by catfish seeds. Research conducted by Amanta et al., (2015) showed that feeding with a combination of 75% pellet flour 25% silkworms in African catfish seeds resulted in optimal growth compared to using 100% silk worms and 100% commercial feed. In research Muallah et al., (2019), feeding a combination of 75% pellets and 25% silk worms accelerate the growth rate of fish fry catfish the size of 1 cm. The aim of this study to determine the effect of the combination of silk worms and commercial feed on the growth and survival on the seed catfish.

Time and Place
This study was conducted in August-October 2020 in the fish farming group Partners PT.ASABRI, Ilir Timur, Palembang, South Sumatra.

Materials and tools
The tools used in this study include an aquarium with a size of 60 x 30 x 60 cm 3 , an aerator, an aeration hose, an aeration stone, a scale, a sipon hose, a thermometer and a pH meter. While the materials used include catfish seeds with a size of 3 cm, fresh silk worms, potassium permanganate, and commercial feed with a protein content of 40%.

Research design
This study used an experimental method, which was conducted to examine the effect of a combination of feed on the growth and viability of catfish seeds. The treatment given is: Treatment A: control (100% silk worm) Treatment B: combined feed (25% silkworm and 75% commercial feed)

Preparation of research containers
The container used is an aquarium. Before use, the container is cleaned first, after that the aquarium is soaked with potassium permanganate (PK) for 1 night. Then the aquarium is rinsed with water and dried and then filled with 20 L of water, the water used in the aquarium is first deposited for 24 hours, and an aerator is installed which is used as oxygen supply to the aquarium.

Fish maintenance
Stocking done in the morning, with a density of 2 fish / L (Amanta et al., 2015). Before stocking, the fish are acclimatized for 15 minutes, after that the fish are adapted for 7 days, then the fish are weighed and measured for their length. Fish rearing is carried out for 40 days by feeding 3 times a day, namely at 09.00, 13.00, and 17.00WIB with time intervals every 4 hours. The amount of feed is as much as 10% of the total weight of fish seeds (Amanta et al., 2015). The silk worms used were obtained from Pasar 16 ilir Palembang. Before being given, silk worms are cleaned first, silk worms are given fresh and whole without being chopped. Checking the water quality and health of the fish during the rearing period is carried out once a week. Fish sampling is carried out every 7 days and if there are dead fish, they will be weighed and measured their length. Fish maintenance is carried out for 42 days.

Water Quality Management
The water quality was measured was the temperature and pH. Water quality measurements are carried out in the morning at 06.00 -07.00 WIB before feeding (Muallah et al., 2019). Metabolic waste disposal is done every morning before feeding. The addition of water is done manually as much as the wasted water from the water that has been deposited in the reservoir.

Growth
The absolute weight growth The absolute weight growth of catfish during maintenance can be calculated using the following formula: G= Wt -Wo Information: G : Absolute weight growht (g) Wt : Average weight of fish at the end of rearing (g) Wo : Average weight at fish the beginning of rearing (g)

The absolute lenght growth
The absolute length growth of catfish during rearing can be calculated using the following formula: Pm= Lt -Lo

Growth
Weight growth in PI treatment showed higher results than that in P0 (Figure 1). The growth in absolute weight of fish P0 was 7.81 g, while in P1 treatment was 8.38 g. The absolute length growth of fish P0 is 7.04 cm and in P1 treatment is 7.39 cm. The length growth of catfish during maintenance is presented in Figure 2. The nutritional content in the feed affects its growth and development, high protein feed will accelerate the development of its body (Hamron et al., 2018). Fish need high protein for growth and through high protein fish can quickly grow and develop (Rihi, 2019). According to Tjodi et al, (2016), that in fish feed protein that comes from a combination of various sources produces better nutrient value than any single source. According to Hariati (2010), silk worms contain 51.9% protein, 20.3% carbohydrates, 22.3% fat, and 5.3% ash. The use of a combination of commercial feed and silkworms together can result in higher growth.

Feed eficiency
The data of catfish feed efficiency during maintenance in Figure 3 shows that the feed efficiency at P0 was 66.23% higher than the P1 treatment which was 56.38%. The data of catfish feed efficiency during maintenance in Figure 2 shows that the feed efficiency at P0 was 66.23% higher than the P1 treatment which was 56.38%, this is presumably due to the difference in feed given.
According to Prasetya et al., (2020) differences in the type of feed given can affect digestibility and fish growth better, this difference is due to the presence of substances and nutrients contained in the combination feed of silk and commercial worms. Bokings et al., (2017) stated that artificial feeding and silk worms and their combination have a positive effect on the growth and survival of catfish seeds. In addition, the high feed efficiency control is due to feeding only using natural silk worm feed which is easily digested by catfish seeds during maintenance so that the total efficiency is high (Muallah et al., 2019).

Survival rate
The survival rate in P0 fish was 85% and P1 treatment was 87.5%. The survival of catfish is presented in figure 4. From these results it can be seen that the survival rate of catfish in the combination of feed treatment is higher than that of control fish. Survival is influenced by the quality of the water and feed that is given (Rosmawati and Muarif, 2010). In addition, it is suspected that feeding silk worms provides stimulation for fish to eat, the amount of feed is always available, and contains the protein needed by fish and does not reduce water quality in the maintenance medium (Madinawati et al., 2011).

Water quality parameters
From the temperature measurement on the control during maintenance the range was 28.4 C -30.1 C and in the combination feed treatment the range was 28.6 C -30.2 C. During maintenance, the temperature fluctuates due to the influence of environmental temperature, it is suspected that the placement of the maintenance media container is outside the open space (outdoor) so that it often causes fluctuations in the water temperature of the maintenance media caused by heat and rain (Simanullang and Usman, 2018). According to Afifi (2014), catfish has a tolerance for temperatures of 22-34 ° C. The pH value in the treatment ranged from 6.7 to 7.7 and in the treatment ranged from 6.4 to 7.9. According to Afifi (2014), states that catfish have a tolerance to the degree of acidity (pH) in the range of 6-9. The level of pH acidity is much influenced by several factors of formation, including organic matter, low soil pH and water pH followed by the accumulated organic matter content and no complete oxidation occurs (Hamron et al., 2018).

Conclusion
The use of a combination feed of silk worms (Tubifex sp.) With commercial feed on catfish seeds or P1 treatment obtained better results than the control or treatment P0, namely the absolute weight growth data of 8.38 g, absolute length 7.39 cm, feed efficiency 56.38%, and survival 87.5%.