Corrections

JoMS is committed to maintaining an accurate and transparent scholarly record. When errors that affect clarity, accuracy of data, or interpretation are discovered after publication — but do not invalidate the main conclusions — JoMS will publish a formal Correction Notice linked to the original article.

Who may request a correction

Correction requests may be raised by the article’s authors, readers, peer reviewers, or editors. Authors who identify an error must notify the editorial office at joms@unimal.ac.id.

Required information for a correction request

• A clear, concise description of the error and where it occurs (page/section/figure/table/line number or DOI).
• The proposed corrected text, figure, table, or data file (provide files as attachments where applicable).
• Confirmation in writing from all co-authors agreeing to the requested correction, or an explanation if consensus cannot be obtained.
• Any additional documents that support the correction (e.g., original data, corrected analyses).

Editorial review and decision

The editorial team will review the request, consult peer reviewers or statistical editors if appropriate, and decide whether a correction is warranted. Where errors are minor and do not affect scientific meaning (typographical, formatting, or editorial issues), the editor may correct the online version and note the change in the article history without issuing a formal Correction Notice. Substantive corrections that alter data presentation, analytic steps, or interpretation will normally be published as a formal Correction Notice.

Correction notice content and display

A Correction Notice will:

• Be published as a separate, citable item with its own page and DOI (where feasible).
• State the article title, authors, original publication date, and DOI.
• Describe precisely what was incorrect and provide the corrected information.
• Explain whether the correction affects the article’s conclusions.
• Be linked from the original article page; the original article will include a prominent notice and a link to the Correction Notice. The original version will remain accessible to preserve the record.

Timing

JoMS aims to review and resolve correction requests promptly. Time to resolution depends on the nature of the error and whether expert consultation is required. The editorial office will acknowledge receipt of a correction request within 7 calendar days and provide regular updates during the review.

Examples of correction types

• Erratum — correction of an error introduced during production or editing (publisher responsibility).
• Corrigendum — correction of author-introduced errors (author responsibility).

Retractions

JoMS will consider retracting an article when there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable (due to misconduct or honest error), when redundant or plagiarized publication is identified, or when ethical breaches have occurred. A retraction is a serious action intended to correct the literature and alert readers to fundamental problems with the article.

Grounds for retraction (non-exhaustive)

1. Data fabrication or falsification, or evidence that results are unreliable.
2. Major methodological or analytic errors that invalidate the conclusions.
3. Redundant/duplicate publication without disclosure or appropriate citation.
4. Plagiarism or appropriation of another’s work without proper attribution.
5. Research conducted or reported in an unethical manner (e.g., lack of required ethics approval, breaches of participant consent where this affects validity).

Initiation and investigation

Retraction may be initiated by authors, editors, or institutions. JoMS follows a fair, transparent process:

• The editorial office records the allegation and acknowledges receipt to the complainant.
• Editors conduct a preliminary assessment to determine if an investigation is warranted.
• If warranted, JoMS will gather information from authors and, where appropriate, contact the authors’ institution(s) or research integrity office for independent investigation.
• All parties will be given an opportunity to respond to allegations. Confidentiality is maintained where required by institutional procedures, but JoMS will act to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

Retraction notice content and display

If a decision to retract is reached, JoMS will publish a Retraction Notice that:

• Is linked to the original article and is freely accessible.
• Clearly identifies the retracted article (title, authors, DOI, original publication date).
• Explains the reasons for retraction in sufficient detail to inform readers, distinguishing between misconduct and honest error where possible.
• States who is retracting the article (authors, editors, or the publisher).
• Leaves the original article online but clearly marks it as “Retracted” in the article header, metadata, and any downloadable PDF. A note on the article landing page will point readers to the Retraction Notice.

Expressions of concern and partial retractions

In circumstances where an investigation is ongoing and facts are uncertain but potential serious problems exist, JoMS may publish an Expression of Concern to alert readers. In rare cases where only part of a paper is unreliable, a partial retraction or correction may be issued, with clear explanation in the notice.

Ethical standards, indexing and record keeping

JoMS follows international best practices and consults guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when handling corrections, retractions, and other research-integrity matters. Decisions aim to be proportionate, transparent, and consistent.

Indexing and metadata updates

When a correction, retraction, or expression of concern is published, JoMS will:

• Update article metadata and the article landing page to reflect the change.
• Notify indexing services and aggregators (Crossref, PubMed/PMC where applicable, and other platforms) so the status of the article is reflected in external databases.
• Assign DOIs to Correction and Retraction Notices when appropriate and link these to the original article DOI using Crossref relationships (e.g., is-corrected-by, is-retracted-by).

Record keeping and transparency

JoMS retains records of investigations, correspondence, and decisions in accordance with applicable data retention policies and legal requirements. Where investigations involve third-party institutions, the journal will cooperate fully but will also act independently to correct the scholarly record where justified.

Contact and further information

For questions about this policy, to submit a correction request, or to report concerns about published content, contact:

JoMS follows COPE best practice guidance on retractions and corrections. For more information on general principles, see the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE): https://publicationethics.org.