Resiliensi Anak dalam Keluarga Sosial: Kondisi Psikososial dan Pembentukan Kekerabatan di SOS Children’s Village Banda Aceh

Abstract

Children living apart from their biological families may experience psychological and social challenges that require supportive alternative care. This study describes psychosocial indicators associated with children’s resilience in the family-like care setting of SOS Children’s Village Banda Aceh and interprets them through an anthropological perspective on kinship. The study employed a descriptive quantitative design involving 65 children who were active residents of the care program and were included through total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and supporting interviews with caregivers and were analyzed using univariate frequencies and percentages. The findings showed that 55 children (84.6%) were of school age. Observations indicated that school-age children were accustomed to independently managing routine daily activities. Fifteen children (23.1%) demonstrated prosocial behavior, 11 (16.9%) confidently expressed their future aspirations, six (9.2%) showed limited confidence in discussing their aspirations, and three (4.6%) displayed emotional distress related to the absence of their biological parents. All children participated in religious activities. Observational and interview data indicated that shared routines, reciprocal assistance, caregiving relationships, and collective religious practices were interpreted as supporting the formation of social kinship and a sense of belonging. These relationships, however, did not entirely replace emotional attachments to biological families. Children’s resilience in family-like alternative care should therefore be understood as a relational and sociocultural process that may coexist with emotional vulnerability.

Abstrak: Anak yang tidak tinggal bersama keluarga biologis dapat menghadapi tantangan psikologis dan sosial yang memerlukan dukungan pengasuhan alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan indikator psikososial yang berkaitan dengan resiliensi anak dalam keluarga sosial di SOS Children’s Village Banda Aceh serta menafsirkannya melalui perspektif antropologi kekerabatan. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 65 anak aktif yang dipilih melalui teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara pendukung dengan ibu asuh, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dalam bentuk frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 55 anak (84,6%) berada pada usia sekolah. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa anak usia sekolah terbiasa menjalankan aktivitas rutin sehari-hari secara mandiri. Sebanyak 15 anak (23,1%) menunjukkan perilaku prososial, 11 anak (16,9%) mampu menyampaikan cita-cita dengan percaya diri, enam anak (9,2%) menunjukkan kurangnya kepercayaan diri, dan tiga anak (4,6%) memperlihatkan distres emosional terkait ketidakhadiran orang tua kandung. Seluruh anak berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan keagamaan. Temuan observasi dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa rutinitas bersama, pertukaran bantuan, hubungan pengasuhan, dan kegiatan keagamaan kolektif dapat dipahami sebagai praktik yang mendukung pembentukan kekerabatan sosial dan rasa memiliki. Namun, hubungan tersebut tidak sepenuhnya menggantikan keterikatan emosional dengan keluarga biologis. Resiliensi anak dalam pengasuhan alternatif berbasis keluarga karena itu perlu dipahami sebagai proses relasional dan sosial-budaya yang dapat berjalan berdampingan dengan kerentanan emosional.